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IAL 2020 May FP1 Q7

A Level / Edexcel / FP1

IAL 2020 May Paper · Question 7

题目

Problem

7. The parabola CC has equation y2=4axy^2 = 4ax, where aa is a positive constant.

The line ll with equation 3x4y+48=03x - 4y + 48 = 0 is a tangent to CC at the point PP.

(a) Show that a=9a = 9

(4)

(b) Hence determine the coordinates of PP.

(2)

Given that the point SS is the focus of CC and that the line ll crosses the directrix of CC at the point AA,

(c) determine the exact area of triangle PSAPSA.

(4)
题目中文翻译
  1. 抛物线 CC 的方程为 y2=4axy^2 = 4ax,其中 aa 是正常数。

直线 ll 的方程为 3x4y+48=03x - 4y + 48 = 0,是 CC 在点 PP 处的切线。

(a) 证明 a=9a = 9

(b) 由此确定 PP 的坐标。

已知点 SSCC 的焦点,直线 llCC 的准线相交于点 AA

(c) 求三角形 PSAPSA 的精确面积。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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联立直线与抛物线,得到关于 yy 的二次方程。由于直线与抛物线相切,该方程有重根,因此判别式为零;再利用 a>0a>0 排除零解。

答题过程

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From the equation of the line,

x=4y483.x=\frac{4y-48}{3}.

Substituting this into y2=4axy^2=4ax gives

y2=4a(4y483),y^2=4a\left(\frac{4y-48}{3}\right),

so

3y216ay+192a=0.3y^2-16ay+192a=0.

Since the line is tangent to the parabola, this quadratic has equal roots. Therefore,

(16a)24(3)(192a)=0.(-16a)^2-4(3)(192a)=0.

Hence

256a(a9)=0.256a(a-9)=0.

Since a>0a>0,

a=9.\boxed{a=9}.

解法二

思路

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利用相切处斜率相等。对抛物线隐式求导,并与直线斜率 34\frac34 相等,先把切点坐标写成 aa 的表达式,再代回曲线和直线求出 aa

答题过程

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Differentiating y2=4axy^2=4ax implicitly gives

2ydydx=4a,2y\frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x}=4a,

so

dydx=2ay.\frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x}=\frac{2a}{y}.

The line can be written as

y=34x+12,y=\frac{3}{4}x+12,

so its gradient is 34\frac34. At the point of tangency,

2ay=34,\frac{2a}{y}=\frac{3}{4},

which gives

y=8a3.y=\frac{8a}{3}.

Using y2=4axy^2=4ax,

x=y24a=16a9.x=\frac{y^2}{4a}=\frac{16a}{9}.

Substituting these coordinates into the equation of the line gives

3(16a9)4(8a3)+48=0.3\left(\frac{16a}{9}\right) -4\left(\frac{8a}{3}\right)+48=0.

Thus

16a3+48=0,-\frac{16a}{3}+48=0,

and hence

a=9.\boxed{a=9}.

(b)

解法一

思路

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承接 (a) 的联立方程,代入 a=9a=9 后求出重根 yy,再代回直线方程求 xx

答题过程

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From part (a), the yy-coordinate of the point of intersection satisfies

3y216ay+192a=0.3y^2-16ay+192a=0.

With a=9a=9,

3y2144y+1728=0,3y^2-144y+1728=0,

so

3(y24)2=0.3(y-24)^2=0.

Therefore, y=24y=24. Using x=4y483x=\frac{4y-48}{3},

x=4(24)483=16.x=\frac{4(24)-48}{3}=16.

Hence

P=(16,24).\boxed{P=(16,24)}.

(c)

解法一

思路

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y2=4axy^2=4ax 的标准性质写出焦点和准线,再求出点 AA。以 SS 为共同起点构造向量 SP\overrightarrow{SP}SA\overrightarrow{SA},用二维行列式的绝对值的一半求三角形面积。

答题过程

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Since a=9a=9, the focus is

S=(9,0),S=(9,0),

and the directrix is x=9x=-9.

At AA, x=9x=-9. Substituting this into the equation of ll gives

3(9)4y+48=0,3(-9)-4y+48=0,

so y=214y=\frac{21}{4}. Hence

A=(9,214).A=\left(-9,\frac{21}{4}\right).

Using P=(16,24)P=(16,24),

SP=(7,24)\overrightarrow{SP}=(7,24)

and

SA=(18,214).\overrightarrow{SA}=\left(-18,\frac{21}{4}\right).

The determinant formed by these two vectors is

D=7(214)24(18)=18754.\begin{align*} D =&\,7\left(\frac{21}{4}\right)-24(-18) \\ =&\,\frac{1875}{4}. \end{align*}

Therefore,

Area of PSA=12D=18758.\begin{align*} \text{Area of }\triangle PSA =&\,\frac{1}{2}|D| \\ =&\,\boxed{\frac{1875}{8}}. \end{align*}

解法二

思路

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在直线 ll 上取横坐标为 99 的点 QQ,则 SQSQ 是竖直线段。线段 SQSQ 把三角形 PSAPSA 分成两个三角形;它们具有共同的底 SQSQ,高分别是点 PPAA 到直线 x=9x=9 的水平距离。

答题过程

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As above,

S=(9,0)S=(9,0)

and

A=(9,214).A=\left(-9,\frac{21}{4}\right).

Let QQ be the point on ll with x=9x=9. Then

3(9)4y+48=0,3(9)-4y+48=0,

so

Q=(9,754).Q=\left(9,\frac{75}{4}\right).

Thus SQ=754SQ=\frac{75}{4}. The perpendicular distances from PP and AA to the line x=9x=9 are respectively

169=716-9=7

and

9(9)=18.9-(-9)=18.

Therefore,

Area of PSA=Area of PSQ+Area of ASQ=12(754)(7)+12(754)(18)=18758.\begin{align*} \text{Area of }\triangle PSA =&\,\text{Area of }\triangle PSQ +&\,\text{Area of }\triangle ASQ \\ =&\,\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{75}{4}\right)(7) \\ +&\,\hspace{2pt}\frac{1}{2} \left(\frac{75}{4}\right)(18) \\ =&\,\frac{1875}{8}. \end{align*}

Hence the exact area is

18758.\boxed{\frac{1875}{8}}.