题目
Problem
Given that x=83+871i is a root of the equation
4x3−19x2+px+q=0
(a) write down the other complex root of the equation.
(1)
Given that x=4 is also a root of the equation,
(b) find the value of p and the value of q.
(4)
题目中文翻译
已知 x=83+871i 是方程
4x3−19x2+px+q=0
的一个根,
(a) 直接写出该方程的另一个复数根。
已知 x=4 也是该方程的一个根,
(b) 求 p 和 q 的值。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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原方程的系数均为实数,因此非实复根必成共轭对。把已知复根的虚部变号即可得到另一个复根。
答题过程
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Since the polynomial has real coefficients, its non-real roots occur in conjugate pairs. Therefore, the other complex root is
83−871i.
(b)
解法一
思路
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先把一对共轭复根写成两个一次因式并相乘,得到实系数二次因式。再乘第三个根 4 所对应的因式 (x−4),展开后与题目给出的三次多项式比较系数。
答题过程
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The quadratic factor corresponding to the conjugate pair is
===(x−83−871i)×(x−83+871i)(x−83)2−(871i)2(x−83)2+6471x2−43x+45.
Including the root 4, the monic polynomial is
=(x2−43x+45)×(x−4)x3−419x2+417x−5.
Multiplying by 4 gives
4x3−19x2+17x−20.
Comparing coefficients with 4x3−19x2+px+q,
p=17,q=−20.
解法二
思路
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直接使用三次方程的韦达定理。先求共轭根的和与积,再结合第三个根 4,由三根的积求 q,由两两乘积之和求 p。
答题过程
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Let the conjugate roots be u and v. Then
u+v=uv==43,(83)2+(871)245.
After dividing the polynomial by 4, Vieta’s formula for the product of all three roots gives
−4q===4uv4(45)5.
Hence
q=−20.
The sum of the pairwise products gives
4p====uv+4u+4vuv+4(u+v)45+4(43)417.
Therefore,
p=17,q=−20.
解法三
思路
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利用 x=4 是根,把原多项式除以 (x−4)。余数必须为零,而所得二次商式的两个根正是共轭复根;将商式的根积与这对共轭根的积比较,即可先求 p,再由余数求 q。
答题过程
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Dividing by x−4 gives
4x3−19x2+px+q=(x−4)×[4x2−3x+(p−12)]+q+4(p−12).
Since x=4 is a root, the remainder is zero, so
q+4(p−12)=0.
The roots of the quadratic quotient are the conjugate pair. Their product is therefore
4p−12=45.
Hence p=17. Substituting this into the remainder equation gives
q+4(17−12)=0,
so
p=17,q=−20.