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IAL 2021 Jan FP1 Q8

A Level / Edexcel / FP1

IAL 2021 Jan Paper · Question 8

题目

Problem

The hyperbola HH has Cartesian equation xy=25xy = 25

The parabola PP has parametric equations x=10t2x = 10t^2, y=20ty = 20t

The hyperbola HH intersects the parabola PP at the point AA

(a) Use algebra to determine the coordinates of AA

(3)

The point BB with coordinates (10,20)(10, 20) lies on PP

(b) Find an equation for the normal to PP at BB

Give your answer in the form ax+by+c=0ax + by + c = 0, where aa, bb and cc are integers to be determined.

(5)

(c) Use algebra to determine, in simplest form, the exact coordinates of the points where this normal intersects the hyperbola HH

(6)
题目中文翻译

双曲线 HH 的直角坐标方程为 xy=25xy = 25

抛物线 PP 的参数方程为 x=10t2x = 10t^2y=20ty = 20t

双曲线 HH 与抛物线 PP 相交于点 AA

(a) 用代数方法确定点 AA 的坐标。

BB 的坐标为 (10,20)(10, 20),在 PP 上。

(b) 求 PP 在点 BB 处的法线方程。 答案以 ax+by+c=0ax + by + c = 0 的形式表示,其中 aabbcc 为待确定的整数。

(c) 用代数方法确定该法线与双曲线 HH 相交点的精确坐标,答案以最简形式表示。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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将抛物线的参数式代入双曲线 xy=25xy=25,得到只含 tt 的三次方程。求出实参数后,再代回参数式得到交点坐标。

答题过程

展开

At an intersection of HH and PP,

(10t2)(20t)=25.(10t^2)(20t)=25.

Hence

200t3=25,t3=18,t=12.\begin{align*} 200t^3=&\,25,\\ t^3=&\,\frac18,\\ t=&\,\frac12. \end{align*}

Therefore,

x=10(12)2=52,y=20(12)=10.\begin{align*} x=&\,10\bigg(\frac12\bigg)^2=\frac52,\\ y=&\,20\bigg(\frac12\bigg)=10. \end{align*}

Thus

A(52,10).\boxed{A\bigg(\frac52,10\bigg)}.

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

先从 B=(10,20)B=(10,20) 判断对应参数为 t=1t=1。对参数方程分别求导,用 (dy/dt)/(dx/dt)(\mathrm{d}y/\mathrm{d}t)/(\mathrm{d}x/\mathrm{d}t) 求切线斜率,再取负倒数得到法线斜率。

答题过程

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Since B=(10,20)B=(10,20), the corresponding parameter value is t=1t=1.

From

x=10t2,y=20t.\begin{align*} x=&\,10t^2,\\ y=&\,20t. \end{align*}

we have

dxdt=20t,dydt=20.\begin{align*} \frac{\mathrm{d}x}{\mathrm{d}t}=&\,20t,\\ \frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}t}=&\,20. \end{align*}

Hence

dydx=2020t=1t.\begin{align*} \frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x} =&\,\frac{20}{20t}\\ =&\,\frac1t. \end{align*}

At t=1t=1, the tangent gradient is 11, so the normal gradient is 1-1. The normal through BB is

y20=(x10).y-20=-(x-10).

Therefore, its equation in the required form is

x+y30=0.\boxed{x+y-30=0}.

(c)

解法一

思路

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联立双曲线 xy=25xy=25 与法线 x+y=30x+y=30。用 y=30xy=30-x 消元得到二次方程,求出两个精确横坐标;再利用两根之和为 3030 配对相应纵坐标。

答题过程

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From the normal equation,

y=30x.y=30-x.

Substituting into xy=25xy=25 gives

x(30x)=25.x(30-x)=25.

Thus

x230x+25=0.x^2-30x+25=0.

Using the quadratic formula,

x=30±3024(1)(25)2=30±8002=15±102.\begin{align*} x =&\,\frac{30\pm\sqrt{30^2-4(1)(25)}}2\\ =&\,\frac{30\pm\sqrt{800}}2\\ =&\,15\pm10\sqrt2. \end{align*}

Since y=30xy=30-x, when x=15+102x=15+10\sqrt2,

y=15102,y=15-10\sqrt2,

and when x=15102x=15-10\sqrt2,

y=15+102.y=15+10\sqrt2.

Therefore, the two points of intersection are

(15+102, 15102)\boxed{\big(15+10\sqrt2,\ 15-10\sqrt2\big)}

and

(15102, 15+102).\boxed{\big(15-10\sqrt2,\ 15+10\sqrt2\big)}.