题目
Problem
4. A rectangular hyperbola H has equation xy=25
The point P(5t,t5), t=0, is a general point on H.
(a) Show that the equation of the tangent to H at P is t2y+x=10t
(4)
The distinct points Q and R lie on H. The tangent to H at the point Q and the tangent to H at the point R meet at the point (15,−5).
(b) Find the coordinates of the points Q and R.
(4)
题目中文翻译
- 等轴双曲线 H 的方程为 xy=25
点 P(5t,t5),t=0,是 H 上的一般点。
(a) 证明 H 在 P 处的切线方程为 t2y+x=10t
点 Q 和 R(不同的点)在 H 上。H 在 Q 处的切线和 H 在 R 处的切线相交于点 (15,−5)。
(b) 求点 Q 和 R 的坐标。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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把双曲线写成 y=25x−1 后求导,并在 P 处代入 x=5t 求切线斜率。再用点斜式写出切线方程,并整理成题目指定的形式。
答题过程
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Since
y=25x−1,
differentiating with respect to x gives
dxdy=−25x−2.
At P, where x=5t, the gradient of the tangent is
−25(5t)−2=−t21.
Hence the tangent at P(5t,5/t) is
y−t5=−t21(x−5t).
Multiplying by t2 and rearranging,
t2y+x=10t,
as required.
解法二
思路
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要证明给定直线是切线,也可以把直线与双曲线联立。若所得交点方程具有一个二重根,就说明直线只在该点与曲线相切;最后核对二重根对应的点正是 P。
答题过程
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From the proposed line,
x=10t−t2y.
Substituting into xy=25 gives
(10t−t2y)y=t2y2−10ty+25=(ty−5)2=25,0,0.
Thus the line meets the hyperbola at the repeated root
y=t5.
The corresponding x-coordinate is
x=y25=5t.
Therefore the line has a repeated intersection at P(5t,5/t), so it is the tangent at P.
(b)
解法一
思路
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任意参数为 t 的切线都满足 (a) 的方程。由于所求两条切线都经过 (15,−5),把该点代入切线方程,得到关于 t 的二次方程;两个参数根分别对应 Q、R。
答题过程
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Since the tangent passes through (15,−5), part (a) gives
−5t2+15=10t.
Therefore,
t2+2t−3=(t+3)(t−1)=0,0.
Hence
t=−3ort=1.
Using the general point (5t,5/t), these parameter values give
(−15,−35)
and
(5,5).
Therefore, Q and R have these coordinates, in either order.