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IAL 2021 June FP1 Q4

A Level / Edexcel / FP1

IAL 2021 June Paper · Question 4

题目

Problem

4. A rectangular hyperbola HH has equation xy=25xy = 25

The point P(5t,5t)P\left(5t, \dfrac{5}{t}\right), t0t \neq 0, is a general point on HH.

(a) Show that the equation of the tangent to HH at PP is t2y+x=10tt^2 y + x = 10t

(4)

The distinct points QQ and RR lie on HH. The tangent to HH at the point QQ and the tangent to HH at the point RR meet at the point (15,5)(15, -5).

(b) Find the coordinates of the points QQ and RR.

(4)
题目中文翻译
  1. 等轴双曲线 HH 的方程为 xy=25xy = 25

P(5t,5t)P\left(5t, \dfrac{5}{t}\right)t0t \neq 0,是 HH 上的一般点。

(a) 证明 HHPP 处的切线方程为 t2y+x=10tt^2 y + x = 10t

QQRR(不同的点)在 HH 上。HHQQ 处的切线和 HHRR 处的切线相交于点 (15,5)(15, -5)

(b) 求点 QQRR 的坐标。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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把双曲线写成 y=25x1y=25x^{-1} 后求导,并在 PP 处代入 x=5tx=5t 求切线斜率。再用点斜式写出切线方程,并整理成题目指定的形式。

答题过程

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Since

y=25x1,y=25x^{-1},

differentiating with respect to xx gives

dydx=25x2.\frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x}=-25x^{-2}.

At PP, where x=5tx=5t, the gradient of the tangent is

25(5t)2=1t2.-25(5t)^{-2}=-\frac1{t^2}.

Hence the tangent at P(5t,5/t)P(5t,5/t) is

y5t=1t2(x5t).y-\frac5t=-\frac1{t^2}(x-5t).

Multiplying by t2t^2 and rearranging,

t2y+x=10t,\boxed{t^2y+x=10t},

as required.

解法二

思路

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要证明给定直线是切线,也可以把直线与双曲线联立。若所得交点方程具有一个二重根,就说明直线只在该点与曲线相切;最后核对二重根对应的点正是 PP

答题过程

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From the proposed line,

x=10tt2y.x=10t-t^2y.

Substituting into xy=25xy=25 gives

(10tt2y)y=25,t2y210ty+25=0,(ty5)2=0.\begin{align*} (10t-t^2y)y=&\,25,\\ t^2y^2-10ty+25=&\,0,\\ (ty-5)^2=&\,0. \end{align*}

Thus the line meets the hyperbola at the repeated root

y=5t.y=\frac5t.

The corresponding xx-coordinate is

x=25y=5t.x=\frac{25}{y}=5t.

Therefore the line has a repeated intersection at P(5t,5/t)P(5t,5/t), so it is the tangent at PP.

(b)

解法一

思路

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任意参数为 tt 的切线都满足 (a) 的方程。由于所求两条切线都经过 (15,5)(15,-5),把该点代入切线方程,得到关于 tt 的二次方程;两个参数根分别对应 QQRR

答题过程

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Since the tangent passes through (15,5)(15,-5), part (a) gives

5t2+15=10t.-5t^2+15=10t.

Therefore,

t2+2t3=0,(t+3)(t1)=0.\begin{align*} t^2+2t-3=&\,0,\\ (t+3)(t-1)=&\,0. \end{align*}

Hence

t=3ort=1.t=-3 \quad\text{or}\quad t=1.

Using the general point (5t,5/t)(5t,5/t), these parameter values give

(15,53)\boxed{\bigg(-15,-\frac53\bigg)}

and

(5,5).\boxed{(5,5)}.

Therefore, QQ and RR have these coordinates, in either order.