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FP1 2021 June Q4

A Level / Edexcel / FP1

IAL 2021 June Paper · Question 4

题目

Problem

4. A rectangular hyperbola HH has equation xy=25xy = 25

The point P(5t,5t)P\left(5t, \dfrac{5}{t}\right), t≠0t \neq 0, is a general point on HH.

(a) Show that the equation of the tangent to HH at PP is t2y+x=10tt^2 y + x = 10t

(4)

The distinct points QQ and RR lie on HH. The tangent to HH at the point QQ and the tangent to HH at the point RR meet at the point (15,−5)(15, -5).

(b) Find the coordinates of the points QQ and RR.

(4)
题目中文翻译
  1. 等轴双曲线 HH 的方程为 xy=25xy = 25

点 P(5t,5t)P\left(5t, \dfrac{5}{t}\right),t≠0t \neq 0,是 HH 上的一般点。

(a) 证明 HH 在 PP 处的切线方程为 t2y+x=10tt^2 y + x = 10t

(4)

点 QQ 和 RR(不同的点)在 HH 上。HH 在 QQ 处的切线和 HH 在 RR 处的切线相交于点 (15,−5)(15, -5)。

(b) 求点 QQ 和 RR 的坐标。

(4)

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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把双曲线写成 y=25x−1y=25x^{-1} 后求导,并在 PP 处代入 x=5tx=5t 求切线斜率。再用点斜式写出切线方程,并整理成题目指定的形式。

答题过程

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Since

y=25x−1,y=25x^{-1},

differentiating with respect to xx gives

dydx=−25x−2.\frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x}=-25x^{-2}.

At PP, where x=5tx=5t, the gradient of the tangent is

−25(5t)−2=−1t2.-25(5t)^{-2}=-\frac1{t^2}.

Hence the tangent at P(5t,5/t)P(5t,5/t) is

y−5t=−1t2(x−5t).y-\frac5t=-\frac1{t^2}(x-5t).

Multiplying by t2t^2,

t2y−5t= −x+5t,t2y+x= 5t+5t.\begin{align*} t^2y-5t=&\,-x+5t,\\ t^2y+x=&\,5t+5t. \end{align*}

Therefore,

t2y+x=10t,\boxed{t^2y+x=10t},

as required.

解法二

思路

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要证明给定直线是切线,也可以把直线与双曲线联立。若所得交点方程具有一个二重根,就说明直线只在该点与曲线相切;最后核对二重根对应的点正是 PP。

答题过程

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From the proposed line,

x=10t−t2y.x=10t-t^2y.

Substituting into xy=25xy=25 gives

(10t−t2y)y= 25,10ty−t2y2= 25,t2y2−10ty+25= 0,(ty−5)2= 0.\begin{align*} (10t-t^2y)y=&\,25,\\ 10ty-t^2y^2=&\,25,\\ t^2y^2-10ty+25=&\,0,\\ (ty-5)^2=&\,0. \end{align*}

Thus the line meets the hyperbola at the repeated root

y=5t.y=\frac5t.

The corresponding xx-coordinate is

x=25y=5t.x=\frac{25}{y}=5t.

Therefore the line has a repeated intersection at P(5t,5/t)P(5t,5/t), so it is the tangent at PP.

(b)

解法一

思路

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任意参数为 tt 的切线都满足 (a) 的方程。由于所求两条切线都经过 (15,−5)(15,-5),把该点代入切线方程,得到关于 tt 的二次方程;两个参数根分别对应 QQ、RR。

答题过程

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Since the tangent passes through (15,−5)(15,-5), part (a) gives

−5t2+15=10t.-5t^2+15=10t.

Therefore,

5t2+10t−15= 0,t2+2t−3= 0,t2+3t−t−3= 0,t(t+3)−(t+3)= 0,(t+3)(t−1)= 0.\begin{align*} 5t^2+10t-15=&\,0,\\ t^2+2t-3=&\,0,\\ t^2+3t-t-3=&\,0,\\ t(t+3)-(t+3)=&\,0,\\ (t+3)(t-1)=&\,0. \end{align*}

Hence

t=−3ort=1.t=-3 \quad\text{or}\quad t=1.

Using the general point (5t,5/t)(5t,5/t), these parameter values give

(−15,−53)\boxed{\bigg(-15,-\frac53\bigg)}

and

(5,5).\boxed{(5,5)}.

Therefore, QQ and RR have these coordinates, in either order.

解法二

思路

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设 Q,RQ,R 对应的参数分别为 t1,t2t_1,t_2。联立两条切线,先求其交点的坐标公式,再与 (15,−5)(15,-5) 比较,得到 t1+t2t_1+t_2 和 t1t2t_1t_2。把两个参数视为同一个二次方程的两根,求出参数后回代坐标式。

答题过程

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Let the distinct parameters at QQ and RR be t1t_1 and t2t_2. Their tangents are

t12y+x= 10t1,t22y+x= 10t2.\begin{align*} t_1^2y+x=&\,10t_1,\\ t_2^2y+x=&\,10t_2. \end{align*}

Subtracting the second equation from the first,

 (t12−t22)y= 10(t1−t2), (t1−t2)(t1+t2)y= 10(t1−t2).\begin{align*} &\,(t_1^2-t_2^2)y\\ =&\,10(t_1-t_2),\\ &\,(t_1-t_2)(t_1+t_2)y\\ =&\,10(t_1-t_2). \end{align*}

Since t1≠t2t_1\ne t_2,

(t1+t2)y=10.(t_1+t_2)y=10.

Thus t1+t2≠0t_1+t_2\ne0, and

y=10t1+t2.y=\frac{10}{t_1+t_2}.

Substituting this into the first tangent equation,

x= 10t1−10t12t1+t2= 10t1(t1+t2)−10t12t1+t2= 10t1t2t1+t2.\begin{align*} x=&\,10t_1-\frac{10t_1^2}{t_1+t_2}\\ =&\,\frac{10t_1(t_1+t_2)-10t_1^2}{t_1+t_2}\\ =&\,\frac{10t_1t_2}{t_1+t_2}. \end{align*}

The intersection is (15,−5)(15,-5), so

10t1+t2= −5,t1+t2= −2.\begin{align*} \frac{10}{t_1+t_2}=&\,-5,\\ t_1+t_2=&\,-2. \end{align*}

Also,

10t1t2−2= 15,−5t1t2= 15,t1t2= −3.\begin{align*} \frac{10t_1t_2}{-2}=&\,15,\\ -5t_1t_2=&\,15,\\ t_1t_2=&\,-3. \end{align*}

Therefore t1,t2t_1,t_2 are the roots of

u2−(t1+t2)u+t1t2= 0,u2+2u−3= 0,(u+3)(u−1)= 0.\begin{align*} u^2-(t_1+t_2)u+t_1t_2=&\,0,\\ u^2+2u-3=&\,0,\\ (u+3)(u-1)=&\,0. \end{align*}

Hence the parameters are −3-3 and 11. Using (5t,5/t)(5t,5/t), when t=−3t=-3,

 (5t,5/t)= (−15,−53).\begin{align*} &\,(5t,5/t)\\ =&\,\bigg(-15,-\frac53\bigg). \end{align*}

When t=1t=1,

(5t,5/t)=(5,5).(5t,5/t)=(5,5).

Thus the coordinates of Q,RQ,R, in either order, are

(−15,−53)\boxed{\bigg(-15,-\frac53\bigg)}

and

(5,5).\boxed{(5,5)}.