题目
Problem
4. A rectangular hyperbola H has equation xy=25
The point P(5t,t5), t=0, is a general point on H.
(a) Show that the equation of the tangent to H at P is t2y+x=10t
(4)
The distinct points Q and R lie on H. The tangent to H at the point Q and the tangent to H at the point R meet at the point (15,−5).
(b) Find the coordinates of the points Q and R.
(4)
题目中文翻译
- 等轴双曲线 H 的方程为 xy=25
点 P(5t,t5),t=0,是 H 上的一般点。
(a) 证明 H 在 P 处的切线方程为 t2y+x=10t
(4)
点 Q 和 R(不同的点)在 H 上。H 在 Q 处的切线和 H 在 R 处的切线相交于点 (15,−5)。
(b) 求点 Q 和 R 的坐标。
(4)
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
展开
把双曲线写成 y=25x−1 后求导,并在 P 处代入 x=5t 求切线斜率。再用点斜式写出切线方程,并整理成题目指定的形式。
答题过程
展开
Since
y=25x−1,
differentiating with respect to x gives
dxdy=−25x−2.
At P, where x=5t, the gradient of the tangent is
−25(5t)−2=−t21.
Hence the tangent at P(5t,5/t) is
y−t5=−t21(x−5t).
Multiplying by t2,
t2y−5t=t2y+x=−x+5t,5t+5t.
Therefore,
t2y+x=10t,
as required.
解法二
思路
展开
要证明给定直线是切线,也可以把直线与双曲线联立。若所得交点方程具有一个二重根,就说明直线只在该点与曲线相切;最后核对二重根对应的点正是 P。
答题过程
展开
From the proposed line,
x=10t−t2y.
Substituting into xy=25 gives
(10t−t2y)y=10ty−t2y2=t2y2−10ty+25=(ty−5)2=25,25,0,0.
Thus the line meets the hyperbola at the repeated root
y=t5.
The corresponding x-coordinate is
x=y25=5t.
Therefore the line has a repeated intersection at P(5t,5/t), so it is the tangent at P.
(b)
解法一
思路
展开
任意参数为 t 的切线都满足 (a) 的方程。由于所求两条切线都经过 (15,−5),把该点代入切线方程,得到关于 t 的二次方程;两个参数根分别对应 Q、R。
答题过程
展开
Since the tangent passes through (15,−5), part (a) gives
−5t2+15=10t.
Therefore,
5t2+10t−15=t2+2t−3=t2+3t−t−3=t(t+3)−(t+3)=(t+3)(t−1)=0,0,0,0,0.
Hence
t=−3ort=1.
Using the general point (5t,5/t), these parameter values give
(−15,−35)
and
(5,5).
Therefore, Q and R have these coordinates, in either order.
解法二
思路
展开
设 Q,R 对应的参数分别为 t1,t2。联立两条切线,先求其交点的坐标公式,再与 (15,−5) 比较,得到 t1+t2 和 t1t2。把两个参数视为同一个二次方程的两根,求出参数后回代坐标式。
答题过程
展开
Let the distinct parameters at Q and R be t1 and t2. Their tangents are
t12y+x=t22y+x=10t1,10t2.
Subtracting the second equation from the first,
==(t12−t22)y10(t1−t2),(t1−t2)(t1+t2)y10(t1−t2).
Since t1=t2,
(t1+t2)y=10.
Thus t1+t2=0, and
y=t1+t210.
Substituting this into the first tangent equation,
x===10t1−t1+t210t12t1+t210t1(t1+t2)−10t12t1+t210t1t2.
The intersection is (15,−5), so
t1+t210=t1+t2=−5,−2.
Also,
−210t1t2=−5t1t2=t1t2=15,15,−3.
Therefore t1,t2 are the roots of
u2−(t1+t2)u+t1t2=u2+2u−3=(u+3)(u−1)=0,0,0.
Hence the parameters are −3 and 1. Using (5t,5/t), when t=−3,
=(5t,5/t)(−15,−35).
When t=1,
(5t,5/t)=(5,5).
Thus the coordinates of Q,R, in either order, are
(−15,−35)
and
(5,5).