题目
Problem
- A=(3−2a−2)
where a is a non-zero constant and a=3
(a) Determine A−1 giving your answer in terms of a.
(2)
Given that A+A−1=I where I is the 2×2 identity matrix,
(b) determine the value of a.
(3)
题目中文翻译
- A=(3−2a−2)
其中 a 是非零常数且 a=3
(a) 求 A−1,答案用 a 表示。
(2)
已知 A+A−1=I,其中 I 是 2×2 单位矩阵,
(b) 求 a 的值。
(3)
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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使用二阶矩阵的逆矩阵公式:交换主对角线元素,改变副对角线元素的符号,再除以行列式。
答题过程
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The determinant of A is
detA===3(−2)−a(−2)−6+2a2a−6.
Since a=3, the determinant is non-zero. Therefore,
=A−12a−61(−22−a3).
(b)
解法一
思路
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把 (a) 的逆矩阵代入 A+A−1=I。比较矩阵右上角元素,并利用题设 a=0,即可直接求出 a。
答题过程
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Substituting the result from part (a) into A+A−1=I,
=+=A+A−1(3−2a−2)2a−61(−22−a3)(1001).
Comparing the top-right elements gives
a−2a−6a=0.
Since a=0, dividing by a gives
1−2a−61=1=0,2a−61.
Multiplying by 2a−6, which is non-zero,
2a−6=2a=a=1,7,27.
This value satisfies a=0 and a=3. With a=27, detA=1, and the remaining entries of A+A−1 are
(1,1):3−2=(2,1):−2+2=(2,2):−2+3=1,0,1.
Thus A+A−1=I, as required.