Skip to content
CalcGospel 國際數學圖譜
返回

FP1 2021 Oct Q1

A Level / Edexcel / FP1

IAL 2021 Oct Paper · Question 1

题目

Problem

  1. A=(3a−2−2)A = \begin{pmatrix} 3 & a \\ -2 & -2 \end{pmatrix}

where aa is a non-zero constant and a≠3a \neq 3

(a) Determine A−1A^{-1} giving your answer in terms of aa.

(2)

Given that A+A−1=IA + A^{-1} = I where II is the 2×22 \times 2 identity matrix,

(b) determine the value of aa.

(3)
题目中文翻译
  1. A=(3a−2−2)A = \begin{pmatrix} 3 & a \\ -2 & -2 \end{pmatrix}

其中 aa 是非零常数且 a≠3a \neq 3

(a) 求 A−1A^{-1},答案用 aa 表示。

(2)

已知 A+A−1=IA + A^{-1} = I,其中 II 是 2×22 \times 2 单位矩阵,

(b) 求 aa 的值。

(3)

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

使用二阶矩阵的逆矩阵公式:交换主对角线元素,改变副对角线元素的符号,再除以行列式。

答题过程

展开

The determinant of AA is

det⁡A= 3(−2)−a(−2)= −6+2a= 2a−6.\begin{align*} \det A=&\,3(-2)-a(-2)\\ =&\,-6+2a\\ =&\,2a-6. \end{align*}

Since a≠3a\ne3, the determinant is non-zero. Therefore,

 A−1= 12a−6(−2−a23).\boxed{ \begin{aligned} &\,A^{-1}\\ =&\,\frac{1}{2a-6} \begin{pmatrix} -2 & -a\\ 2 & 3 \end{pmatrix} \end{aligned} }.

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

把 (a) 的逆矩阵代入 A+A−1=IA+A^{-1}=I。比较矩阵右上角元素,并利用题设 a≠0a\ne0,即可直接求出 aa。

答题过程

展开

Substituting the result from part (a) into A+A−1=IA+A^{-1}=I,

 A+A−1= (3a−2−2)+ 12a−6(−2−a23)= (1001).\begin{align*} &\,A+A^{-1}\\ =&\, \begin{pmatrix} 3 & a\\ -2 & -2 \end{pmatrix}\\ +&\,\frac{1}{2a-6} \begin{pmatrix} -2 & -a\\ 2 & 3 \end{pmatrix}\\ =&\, \begin{pmatrix} 1 & 0\\ 0 & 1 \end{pmatrix}. \end{align*}

Comparing the top-right elements gives

a−a2a−6=0.a-\frac{a}{2a-6}=0.

Since a≠0a\ne0, dividing by aa gives

1−12a−6= 0,1= 12a−6.\begin{align*} 1-\frac{1}{2a-6}=&\,0,\\ 1=&\,\frac{1}{2a-6}. \end{align*}

Multiplying by 2a−62a-6, which is non-zero,

2a−6= 1,2a= 7,a= 72.\begin{align*} 2a-6=&\,1,\\ 2a=&\,7,\\ a=&\,\boxed{\frac72}. \end{align*}

This value satisfies a≠0a\ne0 and a≠3a\ne3. With a=72a=\frac72, det⁡A=1\det A=1, and the remaining entries of A+A−1A+A^{-1} are

(1,1):3−2= 1,(2,1):−2+2= 0,(2,2):−2+3= 1.\begin{align*} (1,1):\quad 3-2=&\,1,\\ (2,1):\quad -2+2=&\,0,\\ (2,2):\quad -2+3=&\,1. \end{align*}

Thus A+A−1=IA+A^{-1}=I, as required.