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IAL 2021 Oct FP1 Q4

A Level / Edexcel / FP1

IAL 2021 Oct Paper · Question 4

题目

Problem

4. f(z)=2z3z2+az+bf(z) = 2z^3 - z^2 + az + b

where aa and bb are integers.

The complex number 13i-1 - 3i is a root of the equation f(z)=0f(z) = 0

(a) Write down another complex root of this equation.

(1)

(b) Determine the value of aa and the value of bb.

(4)

(c) Show all the roots of the equation f(z)=0f(z) = 0 on a single Argand diagram.

(2)
题目中文翻译
  1. f(z)=2z3z2+az+bf(z) = 2z^3 - z^2 + az + b

其中 aabb 是整数。

复数 13i-1 - 3i 是方程 f(z)=0f(z) = 0 的一个根。

(a) 写出该方程的另一个复根。

(b) 求 aabb 的值。

(c) 在同一幅 Argand 图上画出方程 f(z)=0f(z) = 0 的所有根。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

多项式的系数都是实数,因此非实复根成共轭对出现。

答题过程

展开

Since f(z)f(z) has real coefficients and 13i-1-3\mathrm{i} is a root, its complex conjugate is also a root. Therefore, another root is

1+3i.\boxed{-1+3\mathrm{i}}.

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

先由一对共轭复根构造实系数二次因式。再结合原多项式的首项,设剩余的一次因式为 2z+c2z+c,比较 z2z^2 的系数求出 cc,展开后即可读出 aabb

答题过程

展开

The quadratic factor corresponding to the roots 1±3i-1\pm3\mathrm{i} is

[z(1+3i)][z(13i)]=(z+13i)(z+1+3i)=(z+1)2+9=z2+2z+10.\begin{align*} &\,\big[z-(-1+3\mathrm{i})\big] \big[z-(-1-3\mathrm{i})\big] \\ =&\,(z+1-3\mathrm{i})(z+1+3\mathrm{i}) \\ =&\,(z+1)^2+9 \\ =&\,z^2+2z+10. \end{align*}

Since the coefficient of z3z^3 in f(z)f(z) is 22, write

f(z)=(z2+2z+10)(2z+c).f(z)=(z^2+2z+10)(2z+c).

The coefficient of z2z^2 is c+4c+4. Comparing this with the coefficient 1-1 in f(z)f(z) gives

c+4=1,c+4=-1,

so c=5c=-5. Hence

f(z)=(z2+2z+10)(2z5)=2z3z2+10z50.\begin{align*} f(z) =&\,(z^2+2z+10)(2z-5) \\ =&\,2z^3-z^2+10z-50. \end{align*}

Therefore,

a=10,b=50.\boxed{a=10,\qquad b=-50}.

解法二

思路

展开

把共轭根 1+3i-1+3\mathrm{i} 直接代入 f(z)=0f(z)=0,分别比较实部与虚部,得到关于 aabb 的两个实方程。

答题过程

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Let z=1+3iz=-1+3\mathrm{i}. Then

z2=86iz^2=-8-6\mathrm{i}

and

z3=2618i.z^3=26-18\mathrm{i}.

Since f(z)=0f(z)=0,

0=2(2618i)(86i)+a(1+3i)+b.\begin{align*} 0=&\,2(26-18\mathrm{i})-(-8-6\mathrm{i}) \\ +&\,\hspace{2pt}a(-1+3\mathrm{i})+b. \end{align*}

Equating imaginary parts gives

30+3a=0,-30+3a=0,

so a=10a=10. Equating real parts then gives

60a+b=0.60-a+b=0.

Therefore,

a=10,b=50.\boxed{a=10,\qquad b=-50}.

(c)

解法一

思路

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由 (b) 的因式分解可得第三个根为 52\frac{5}{2}。在 Argand 图上分别标出两个共轭复根 (1,3)(-1,3)(1,3)(-1,-3),以及实根 (52,0)\left(\frac{5}{2},0\right)

答题过程

展开

From part (b),

f(z)=(z2+2z+10)(2z5),f(z)=(z^2+2z+10)(2z-5),

so the three roots are

1+3i,13i,52.-1+3\mathrm{i},\qquad -1-3\mathrm{i}, \qquad \frac{5}{2}.

These are represented on the Argand diagram by the points

(1,3),(1,3),(52,0).(-1,3),\qquad (-1,-3), \qquad \left(\frac{5}{2},0\right).