题目
Problem
4. f(z)=2z3−z2+az+b
where a and b are integers.
The complex number −1−3i is a root of the equation f(z)=0
(a) Write down another complex root of this equation.
(1)
(b) Determine the value of a and the value of b.
(4)
(c) Show all the roots of the equation f(z)=0 on a single Argand diagram.
(2)
题目中文翻译
- f(z)=2z3−z2+az+b
其中 a 和 b 是整数。
复数 −1−3i 是方程 f(z)=0 的一个根。
(a) 写出该方程的另一个复根。
(b) 求 a 和 b 的值。
(c) 在同一幅 Argand 图上画出方程 f(z)=0 的所有根。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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多项式的系数都是实数,因此非实复根成共轭对出现。
答题过程
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Since f(z) has real coefficients and −1−3i is a root, its complex conjugate is also a root. Therefore, another root is
−1+3i.
(b)
解法一
思路
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先由一对共轭复根构造实系数二次因式。再结合原多项式的首项,设剩余的一次因式为 2z+c,比较 z2 的系数求出 c,展开后即可读出 a 和 b。
答题过程
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The quadratic factor corresponding to the roots −1±3i is
===[z−(−1+3i)][z−(−1−3i)](z+1−3i)(z+1+3i)(z+1)2+9z2+2z+10.
Since the coefficient of z3 in f(z) is 2, write
f(z)=(z2+2z+10)(2z+c).
The coefficient of z2 is c+4. Comparing this with the coefficient −1 in f(z) gives
c+4=−1,
so c=−5. Hence
f(z)==(z2+2z+10)(2z−5)2z3−z2+10z−50.
Therefore,
a=10,b=−50.
解法二
思路
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把共轭根 −1+3i 直接代入 f(z)=0,分别比较实部与虚部,得到关于 a、b 的两个实方程。
答题过程
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Let z=−1+3i. Then
z2=−8−6i
and
z3=26−18i.
Since f(z)=0,
0=+2(26−18i)−(−8−6i)a(−1+3i)+b.
Equating imaginary parts gives
−30+3a=0,
so a=10. Equating real parts then gives
60−a+b=0.
Therefore,
a=10,b=−50.
(c)
解法一
思路
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由 (b) 的因式分解可得第三个根为 25。在 Argand 图上分别标出两个共轭复根 (−1,3)、(−1,−3),以及实根 (25,0)。
答题过程
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From part (b),
f(z)=(z2+2z+10)(2z−5),
so the three roots are
−1+3i,−1−3i,25.
These are represented on the Argand diagram by the points
(−1,3),(−1,−3),(25,0).