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IAL 2021 Oct FP1 Q6

A Level / Edexcel / FP1

IAL 2021 Oct Paper · Question 6

题目

Problem

6. The curve HH has equation

xy=a2x>0xy = a^2 \quad x > 0

where aa is a positive constant.

The line with equation y=kxy = kx, where kk is a positive constant, intersects HH at the point PP

(a) Use calculus to determine, in terms of aa and kk, an equation for the tangent to HH at PP

(4)

The tangent to HH at PP meets the xx-axis at the point AA and meets the yy-axis at the point BB

(b) Determine the coordinates of AA and the coordinates of BB, giving your answers in terms of aa and kk

(2)

(c) Hence show that the area of triangle AOBAOB, where OO is the origin, is independent of kk

(2)
题目中文翻译
  1. 曲线 HH 的方程为

xy=a2x>0xy = a^2 \quad x > 0

其中 aa 是正常数。

直线 y=kxy = kx(其中 kk 是正常数)与 HH 相交于点 PP

(a) 利用微积分,用 aakk 表示 HHPP 处的切线方程。

HHPP 处的切线与 xx 轴相交于点 AA,与 yy 轴相交于点 BB

(b) 求 AABB 的坐标,答案用 aakk 表示。

(c) 由此证明三角形 AOBAOB(其中 OO 是原点)的面积与 kk 无关。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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先联立曲线与直线的方程求出点 PP。再把曲线写成 yy 关于 xx 的函数并求导,从而得到 PP 处的切线斜率,最后使用点斜式写出切线方程。

答题过程

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At PP, y=kxy=kx and xy=a2xy=a^2. Therefore,

kx2=a2.kx^2=a^2.

Since x>0x>0, a>0a>0 and k>0k>0,

x=akx=\frac{a}{\sqrt{k}}

and hence

y=kx=ak.y=kx=a\sqrt{k}.

Thus

P=(ak,ak).P=\left(\frac{a}{\sqrt{k}},a\sqrt{k}\right).

From xy=a2xy=a^2,

y=a2x1,y=a^2x^{-1},

so

dydx=a2x2.\frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x}=-a^2x^{-2}.

At PP, the gradient of the tangent is

a2(ak)2=k.-a^2\left(\frac{a}{\sqrt{k}}\right)^{-2}=-k.

Therefore, the tangent at PP has equation

yak=k(xak),y-a\sqrt{k} =-k\left(x-\frac{a}{\sqrt{k}}\right),

which simplifies to

y=kx+2ak.\boxed{y=-kx+2a\sqrt{k}}.

(b)

解法一

思路

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分别在切线方程中令 y=0y=0x=0x=0,求出切线与两坐标轴的交点。

答题过程

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At AA, y=0y=0. Hence

0=kx+2ak,0=-kx+2a\sqrt{k},

so

x=2ak.x=\frac{2a}{\sqrt{k}}.

Therefore,

A=(2ak,0).\boxed{A=\left(\frac{2a}{\sqrt{k}},0\right)}.

At BB, x=0x=0, so

B=(0,2ak).\boxed{B=(0,2a\sqrt{k})}.

(c)

解法一

思路

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承接 (b),三角形 AOBAOB 是直角三角形,其底和高正好是 AABB 的非零坐标。把它们代入面积公式后,含 kk 的因子会相消。

答题过程

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Using the coordinates found in part (b),

Area of AOB=12(2ak)(2ak)=2a2.\begin{align*} \text{Area of }\triangle AOB =&\,\frac{1}{2} \left(\frac{2a}{\sqrt{k}}\right) (2a\sqrt{k}) \\ =&\,2a^2. \end{align*}

Since 2a22a^2 does not contain kk, the area of triangle AOBAOB is independent of kk.