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IAL 2021 Oct FP1 Q7

A Level / Edexcel / FP1

IAL 2021 Oct Paper · Question 7

题目

Problem

7. In part (i), the elements of each matrix should be expressed in exact numerical form.

(i) (a) Write down the 2×22 \times 2 matrix that represents a rotation of 210°210° anticlockwise about the origin.

(1)

(b) Write down the 2×22 \times 2 matrix that represents a stretch parallel to the yy-axis with scale factor 55

(1)

The transformation TT is a rotation of 210°210° anticlockwise about the origin followed by a stretch parallel to the yy-axis with scale factor 55

(c) Determine the 2×22 \times 2 matrix that represents TT

(2)

(ii) M=(kk+351k)M = \begin{pmatrix} k & k+3 \\ -5 & 1-k \end{pmatrix} where kk is a constant

(a) Find detM\det M, giving your answer in simplest form in terms of kk.

(2)

A closed shape RR is transformed to a closed shape RR' by the transformation represented by the matrix MM.

Given that the area of RR is 22 square units and that the area of RR' is 16k16k square units,

(b) determine the possible values of kk.

(3)
题目中文翻译
  1. 在第(i)部分中,每个矩阵的元素应以精确数值形式表示。

(i) (a) 写出表示绕原点逆时针旋转 210°210°2×22 \times 2 矩阵。

(b) 写出表示平行于 yy 轴、比例因子为 55 的拉伸的 2×22 \times 2 矩阵。

变换 TT 是先绕原点逆时针旋转 210°210°,再进行平行于 yy 轴、比例因子为 55 的拉伸。

(c) 求表示 TT2×22 \times 2 矩阵。

(ii) M=(kk+351k)M = \begin{pmatrix} k & k+3 \\ -5 & 1-k \end{pmatrix},其中 kk 是常数。

(a) 求 detM\det M,答案用 kk 表示并化为最简形式。

封闭图形 RR 在矩阵 MM 表示的变换下变成封闭图形 RR'

已知 RR 的面积为 22 平方单位,RR' 的面积为 16k16k 平方单位,

(b) 求 kk 的可能值。

解答

(i)(a)

解法一

思路

使用逆时针旋转角为 θ\theta 时的标准矩阵,并代入 θ=210°\theta=210°

答题过程

The matrix representing an anticlockwise rotation through 210°210° is

(cos210°sin210°sin210°cos210°)=(32121232).\begin{pmatrix} \cos 210° & -\sin 210° \\ \sin 210° & \cos 210° \end{pmatrix} = \begin{pmatrix} -\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2} & \dfrac{1}{2} \\ -\dfrac{1}{2} & -\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2} \end{pmatrix}.

(i)(b)

解法一

思路

平行于 yy 轴、比例因子为 55 的拉伸保持 xx 坐标不变,并把 yy 坐标乘以 55

答题过程

The required matrix is

(1005).\begin{pmatrix} 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 5 \end{pmatrix}.

(i)(c)

解法一

思路

变换按“先旋转、后拉伸”的顺序进行,所以复合矩阵为拉伸矩阵乘以旋转矩阵。

答题过程

Since the rotation is followed by the stretch, the matrix representing TT is

T=(1005)(32121232)=(321252532).\begin{aligned} T &= \begin{pmatrix} 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 5 \end{pmatrix} \begin{pmatrix} -\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2} & \dfrac{1}{2} \\ -\dfrac{1}{2} & -\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2} \end{pmatrix} \\ &= \begin{pmatrix} -\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2} & \dfrac{1}{2} \\ -\dfrac{5}{2} & -\dfrac{5\sqrt{3}}{2} \end{pmatrix}. \end{aligned}

(ii)(a)

解法一

思路

使用二阶矩阵的行列式公式,并把所得多项式化简。

答题过程 detM=k(1k)(5)(k+3)=k2+6k+15.\begin{aligned} \det M &=k(1-k)-(-5)(k+3) \\ &=-k^2+6k+15. \end{aligned}

(ii)(b)

解法一

思路

矩阵变换的面积比例因子是行列式的绝对值。由两个图形的面积建立方程,并分别考虑行列式为正和为负的情况;最后利用面积 16k16k 为正,排除负值。

答题过程

The area scale factor is detM|\det M|. Hence

k2+6k+15=16k2=8k.|-k^2+6k+15|=\frac{16k}{2}=8k.

Since the area of RR' is positive, k>0k>0.

If k2+6k+15=8k-k^2+6k+15=8k, then

k2+2k15=0,k^2+2k-15=0,

so

(k3)(k+5)=0.(k-3)(k+5)=0.

This gives k=3k=3 or k=5k=-5.

If k2+6k+15=8k-k^2+6k+15=-8k, then

k214k15=0,k^2-14k-15=0,

so

(k15)(k+1)=0.(k-15)(k+1)=0.

This gives k=15k=15 or k=1k=-1.

Therefore, as k>0k>0,

k=3 or k=15.\boxed{k=3\text{ or }k=15}.