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IAL 2021 Oct FP1 Q8

A Level / Edexcel / FP1

IAL 2021 Oct Paper · Question 8

题目

Problem

8. The parabola CC has equation y2=20xy^2 = 20x

The point PP on CC has coordinates (5p2,10p)(5p^2, 10p) where pp is a non-zero constant.

(a) Use calculus to show that the tangent to CC at PP has equation

pyx=5p2py - x = 5p^2

(3)

The tangent to CC at PP meets the yy-axis at the point AA.

(b) Write down the coordinates of AA.

(1)

The point SS is the focus of CC.

(c) Write down the coordinates of SS.

(1)

The straight line l1l_1 passes through AA and SS.

The straight line l2l_2 passes through OO and PP, where OO is the origin.

Given that l1l_1 and l2l_2 intersect at the point BB,

(d) show that the coordinates of BB satisfy the equation

2x2+y2=10x2x^2 + y^2 = 10x

(5)
题目中文翻译
  1. 抛物线 CC 的方程为 y2=20xy^2 = 20x

CC 上的点 PP 的坐标为 (5p2,10p)(5p^2, 10p),其中 pp 是非零常数。

(a) 利用微积分证明 CCPP 处的切线方程为

pyx=5p2py - x = 5p^2

CCPP 处的切线与 yy 轴相交于点 AA

(b) 写出 AA 的坐标。

SSCC 的焦点。

(c) 写出 SS 的坐标。

直线 l1l_1 经过 AASS

直线 l2l_2 经过 OOPP,其中 OO 是原点。

已知 l1l_1l2l_2 相交于点 BB

(d) 证明 BB 的坐标满足方程

2x2+y2=10x2x^2 + y^2 = 10x

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

对抛物线方程隐式求导,求出点 PP 处的切线斜率,再使用点斜式整理出所需方程。

答题过程

Differentiating y2=20xy^2=20x implicitly with respect to xx gives

2ydydx=20,2y\frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x}=20,

so

dydx=10y.\frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x}=\frac{10}{y}.

At P(5p2,10p)P(5p^2,10p), the gradient of the tangent is

1010p=1p.\frac{10}{10p}=\frac{1}{p}.

Therefore, the equation of the tangent at PP is

y10p=1p(x5p2).y-10p=\frac{1}{p}(x-5p^2).

Multiplying by pp and rearranging gives

pyx=5p2.\boxed{py-x=5p^2}.

(b)

解法一

思路

AA 位于 yy 轴上,因此在切线方程中令 x=0x=0

答题过程

At AA, x=0x=0. Substituting this into pyx=5p2py-x=5p^2 gives

py=5p2.py=5p^2.

Since p0p\ne0, y=5py=5p. Therefore,

A=(0,5p).\boxed{A=(0,5p)}.

(c)

解法一

思路

把方程与标准形式 y2=4axy^2=4ax 比较,焦点坐标为 (a,0)(a,0)

答题过程

Comparing y2=20xy^2=20x with y2=4axy^2=4ax gives

4a=20,4a=20,

so a=5a=5. Hence the focus is

S=(5,0).\boxed{S=(5,0)}.

(d)

解法一

思路

分别求出直线 l1l_1l2l_2 的方程。点 BB 同时位于两条直线上,因此利用 l2l_2 消去参数 pp,代入 l1l_1 后即可得到轨迹方程。

答题过程

The gradient of l1l_1, which passes through A(0,5p)A(0,5p) and S(5,0)S(5,0), is

05p50=p.\frac{0-5p}{5-0}=-p.

Hence

l1:y=px+5p.l_1:\quad y=-px+5p.

The gradient of l2l_2, which passes through O(0,0)O(0,0) and P(5p2,10p)P(5p^2,10p), is

10p5p2=2p.\frac{10p}{5p^2}=\frac{2}{p}.

Hence

l2:y=2xp.l_2:\quad y=\frac{2x}{p}.

At BB, both equations hold. Also, y0y\ne0: otherwise l2l_2 would give x=0x=0, but OO does not lie on l1l_1 since p0p\ne0. Therefore, the equation of l2l_2 gives

p=2xy.p=\frac{2x}{y}.

Substituting this into the equation of l1l_1 gives

y=2x2y+10xy.y=-\frac{2x^2}{y}+\frac{10x}{y}.

Therefore,

y2=2x2+10x,y^2=-2x^2+10x,

and hence the coordinates of BB satisfy

2x2+y2=10x.\boxed{2x^2+y^2=10x}.

解法二

思路

联立两条直线,先把交点 BB 的坐标写成参数 pp 的表达式,再直接代入目标方程的左边验证。

答题过程

At BB, the equations

y=px+5py=-px+5p

and

y=2xpy=\frac{2x}{p}

hold simultaneously. Therefore,

2xp=px+5p.\frac{2x}{p}=-px+5p.

Multiplying by pp and rearranging gives

x(p2+2)=5p2.x(p^2+2)=5p^2.

Thus

x=5p2p2+2x=\frac{5p^2}{p^2+2}

and

y=2xp=10pp2+2.y=\frac{2x}{p}=\frac{10p}{p^2+2}.

It follows that

2x2+y2=50p4(p2+2)2+100p2(p2+2)2=50p2(p2+2)(p2+2)2=50p2p2+2=10x.\begin{aligned} 2x^2+y^2 &=\frac{50p^4}{(p^2+2)^2} +\frac{100p^2}{(p^2+2)^2} \\ &=\frac{50p^2(p^2+2)}{(p^2+2)^2} \\ &=\frac{50p^2}{p^2+2} \\ &=10x. \end{aligned}

Therefore, the coordinates of BB satisfy

2x2+y2=10x.\boxed{2x^2+y^2=10x}.