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IAL 2022 Jan FP1 Q7

A Level / Edexcel / FP1

IAL 2022 Jan Paper · Question 7

题目

Problem

In this question you must show all stages of your working. Solutions relying entirely on calculator technology are not acceptable.

The rectangular hyperbola HH has equation xy=36xy = 36

The point P(4,9)P(4, 9) lies on HH

(a) Show, using calculus, that the normal to HH at PP has equation

4x9y+65=04x - 9y + 65 = 0

(4)

The normal to HH at PP crosses HH again at the point QQ

(b) Determine an equation for the tangent to HH at QQ, giving your answer in the form y=mx+cy = mx + c where mm and cc are rational constants.

(5)
题目中文翻译

本题必须展示所有解题步骤。 完全依赖计算器技术的解答不可接受。

等轴双曲线 HH 的方程为 xy=36xy = 36

P(4,9)P(4, 9)HH 上。

(a) 使用微积分证明:HH 在点 PP 处的法线方程为 4x9y+65=04x - 9y + 65 = 0

HH 在点 PP 处的法线再次与 HH 相交于点 QQ

(b) 确定 HH 在点 QQ 处的切线方程,答案以 y=mx+cy = mx + c 的形式表示,其中 mmcc 为有理常数。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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xy=36xy=36 隐函数求导,代入 P(4,9)P(4,9) 求切线斜率,再取负倒数得到法线斜率。用点斜式写出法线并逐步整理到题目给定形式。

答题过程

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Differentiating xy=36xy=36 implicitly with respect to xx gives

xdydx+y=0,x\frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x}+y=0,

so

dydx=yx.\frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x} =-\frac yx.

At P(4,9)P(4,9), the tangent gradient is

mT=94.m_T=-\frac94.

Hence the normal gradient is

mN=1mT=49.m_N=-\frac1{m_T}=\frac49.

The normal at PP is therefore

y9=49(x4).y-9=\frac49(x-4).

Multiplying by 99 and rearranging,

9y81=4x16,4x9y+65=0.\begin{align*} 9y-81=&\,4x-16,\\ 4x-9y+65=&\,0. \end{align*}

Thus the required equation is

4x9y+65=0.\boxed{4x-9y+65=0}.

(b)

解法一

思路

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先由法线方程把 yy 表示成 xx,代入 xy=36xy=36 求两个交点的横坐标;排除已知点 PP 后得到 QQ。再在 QQ 处求切线斜率,并用点斜式写成题目要求的形式。

答题过程

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From the normal equation,

y=4x+659.y=\frac{4x+65}{9}.

At an intersection with HH,

x(4x+659)=36.x\left(\frac{4x+65}{9}\right)=36.

Thus

4x2+65x324=0,(x4)(4x+81)=0.\begin{align*} 4x^2+65x-324=&\,0,\\ (x-4)(4x+81)=&\,0. \end{align*}

The root x=4x=4 corresponds to PP. Hence at QQ,

xQ=814,x_Q=-\frac{81}{4},

and

yQ=3681/4=169.y_Q=\frac{36}{-81/4}=-\frac{16}{9}.

Therefore,

Q(814,169).Q\left(-\frac{81}{4},-\frac{16}{9}\right).

Since y=36x1y=36x^{-1},

dydx=36x2.\frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x}=-36x^{-2}.

The tangent gradient at QQ is

m=36(81/4)2=64729.\begin{align*} m =&\,-\frac{36}{(-81/4)^2}\\ =&\,-\frac{64}{729}. \end{align*}

Hence the tangent is

y+169=64729(x+814).y+\frac{16}{9} =-\frac{64}{729} \left(x+\frac{81}{4}\right).

Expanding and simplifying gives

y=64729x329.\boxed{y=-\frac{64}{729}x-\frac{32}{9}}.

解法二

思路

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官方评分资料也允许改为消去 xx。由法线方程把 xx 表示成 yy,先求 QQ 的纵坐标,再由 xy=36xy=36 求横坐标;得到 QQ 后的切线步骤相同。

答题过程

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From 4x9y+65=04x-9y+65=0,

x=9y654.x=\frac{9y-65}{4}.

Substituting into xy=36xy=36 gives

y(9y654)=36.y\left(\frac{9y-65}{4}\right)=36.

Hence

9y265y144=0,(y9)(9y+16)=0.\begin{align*} 9y^2-65y-144=&\,0,\\ (y-9)(9y+16)=&\,0. \end{align*}

The root y=9y=9 corresponds to PP, so

yQ=169y_Q=-\frac{16}{9}

and

xQ=3616/9=814.x_Q=\frac{36}{-16/9}=-\frac{81}{4}.

Thus Q=(81/4,16/9)Q=(-81/4,-16/9). As in Method 1, the tangent gradient at QQ is 64/729-64/729. Therefore,

y+169=64729(x+814),y=64729x329.\begin{align*} y+\frac{16}{9} =&\,-\frac{64}{729} \left(x+\frac{81}{4}\right),\\ y=&\,\boxed{-\frac{64}{729}x-\frac{32}{9}}. \end{align*}