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IAL 2022 June FP1 Q7

A Level / Edexcel / FP1

IAL 2022 June Paper · Question 7

题目

Problem

7. A=(32121232)A = \begin{pmatrix} -\dfrac{3}{2} & -\dfrac{1}{2} \\ \dfrac{1}{2} & -\dfrac{3}{2} \end{pmatrix}

(a) Determine the matrix A2A^2

(1)

(b) Describe fully the single geometrical transformation represented by the matrix A2A^2

(2)

(c) Hence determine the smallest positive integer value of nn for which An=IA^n = I

(1)

The matrix BB represents a stretch scale factor 44 parallel to the xx-axis.

(d) Write down the matrix BB

(1)

The transformation represented by matrix AA followed by the transformation represented by matrix BB is represented by the matrix CC

(e) Determine the matrix CC

(2)

The parallelogram PP is transformed onto the parallelogram PP' by the matrix CC

(f) Given that the area of parallelogram PP' is 2020 square units, determine the area of parallelogram PP

(2)
题目中文翻译
  1. A=(32121232)A = \begin{pmatrix} -\dfrac{3}{2} & -\dfrac{1}{2} \\ \dfrac{1}{2} & -\dfrac{3}{2} \end{pmatrix}

(a) 求矩阵 A2A^2

(b) 完全描述矩阵 A2A^2 所表示的单个几何变换。

(c) 由此求最小的正整数 nn,使得 An=IA^n = I

矩阵 BB 表示平行于 xx 轴、比例因子为 44 的拉伸。

(d) 写出矩阵 BB

先进行矩阵 AA 表示的变换,再进行矩阵 BB 表示的变换,所得复合变换由矩阵 CC 表示。

(e) 求矩阵 CC

平行四边形 PP 在矩阵 CC 表示的变换下变成平行四边形 PP'

(f) 已知平行四边形 PP' 的面积为 2020 平方单位,求平行四边形 PP 的面积。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

将矩阵 AA 与自身相乘,并逐项计算四个元素。

答题过程

展开 A2=(32121232)(32121232)=(12323212).\begin{align*} A^2 =&\, \begin{pmatrix} -\frac{\sqrt3}{2}&-\frac12\\ \frac12&-\frac{\sqrt3}{2} \end{pmatrix} \begin{pmatrix} -\frac{\sqrt3}{2}&-\frac12\\ \frac12&-\frac{\sqrt3}{2} \end{pmatrix}\\ =&\, \boxed{ \begin{pmatrix} \frac12&\frac{\sqrt3}{2}\\ -\frac{\sqrt3}{2}&\frac12 \end{pmatrix}}. \end{align*}

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

A2A^2 与绕原点逆时针旋转 θ\theta 的标准矩阵比较。由正弦项的符号确定旋转方向和角度。

答题过程

展开

The standard matrix for an anticlockwise rotation through θ\theta about the origin is

(cosθsinθsinθcosθ).\begin{pmatrix} \cos\theta&-\sin\theta\\ \sin\theta&\cos\theta \end{pmatrix}.

For A2A^2,

cosθ=12,sinθ=32.\cos\theta=\frac12, \qquad \sin\theta=-\frac{\sqrt3}{2}.

Hence A2A^2 represents

a rotation through 60 clockwise about the origin.\boxed{\text{a rotation through }60^\circ \text{ clockwise about the origin}.}

(c)

解法一

思路

展开

承接 (b),六次 A2A^2 会完成整数圈,因此 A12=IA^{12}=I。再由 AA 本身是旋转 150150^\circ,排除更小的指数,从而证明 1212 确实最小。

答题过程

展开

From part (b), A2A^2 is a rotation through 6060^\circ clockwise. Six such rotations give a full turn, so

(A2)6=A12=I.(A^2)^6=A^{12}=I.

Also, AA itself represents a rotation through 150150^\circ anticlockwise. For An=IA^n=I, 150n150n must be a multiple of 360360. Thus

150n360=5n12\frac{150n}{360}=\frac{5n}{12}

must be an integer. Since 55 and 1212 are coprime, the smallest positive value is

n=12.\boxed{n=12}.

(d)

解法一

思路

展开

平行于 xx 轴、比例因子为 44 的拉伸把横坐标乘以 44,纵坐标保持不变。

答题过程

展开 B=(4001).\boxed{ B= \begin{pmatrix} 4&0\\ 0&1 \end{pmatrix}}.

(e)

解法一

思路

展开

先进行 AA、再进行 BB,所以列向量依次左乘 AABB,复合矩阵为 BABA,次序不能颠倒。

答题过程

展开

Since the transformation represented by AA is followed by that represented by BB,

C=BA=(4001)(32121232)=(2321232).\begin{align*} C =&\,BA\\ =&\, \begin{pmatrix} 4&0\\ 0&1 \end{pmatrix} \begin{pmatrix} -\frac{\sqrt3}{2}&-\frac12\\ \frac12&-\frac{\sqrt3}{2} \end{pmatrix}\\ =&\, \boxed{ \begin{pmatrix} -2\sqrt3&-2\\ \frac12&-\frac{\sqrt3}{2} \end{pmatrix}}. \end{align*}

(f)

解法一

思路

展开

矩阵变换的面积比例因子是行列式的绝对值。先求 detC|\det C|,再用变换后面积除以该比例因子,得到原平行四边形面积。

答题过程

展开

The determinant of CC is

detC=(23)(32)(2)(12)=3+1=4.\begin{align*} \det C =&\,(-2\sqrt3) \left(-\frac{\sqrt3}{2}\right)\\ &\,\hspace{2pt}-(-2)\left(\frac12\right)\\ =&\,3+1\\ =&\,4. \end{align*}

Hence the area scale factor is detC=4|\det C|=4.

Therefore, if the area of PP is SS,

4S=20.4S=20.

Hence

S=5 square units.\boxed{S=5\text{ square units}}.