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FP1 2023 Jan Q1

A Level / Edexcel / FP1

IAL 2023 Jan Paper · Question 1

题目

Problem

Given that

 A= (2−13−230)\begin{align*} &\,\mathbf{A}\\ =&\,\begin{pmatrix} 2 & -1 & 3 \\ -2 & 3 & 0 \end{pmatrix} \end{align*}

and

 B= (1k0−32k2)\begin{align*} &\,\mathbf{B}\\ =&\,\begin{pmatrix} 1 & k \\ 0 & -3 \\ 2k & 2 \end{pmatrix} \end{align*}

where kk is a non-zero constant,

(a) determine the matrix AB\mathbf{AB}

(2)

(b) determine the value of kk for which det⁡(AB)=0\det(\mathbf{AB}) = 0

(3)
题目中文翻译

已知

 A= (2−13−230)\begin{align*} &\,\mathbf{A}\\ =&\,\begin{pmatrix} 2 & -1 & 3 \\ -2 & 3 & 0 \end{pmatrix} \end{align*}

和

 B= (1k0−32k2)\begin{align*} &\,\mathbf{B}\\ =&\,\begin{pmatrix} 1 & k \\ 0 & -3 \\ 2k & 2 \end{pmatrix} \end{align*}

其中 kk 为非零常数,

(a) 求矩阵 AB\mathbf{AB}

(2)

(b) 求使 det⁡(AB)=0\det(\mathbf{AB}) = 0 的 kk 值

(3)

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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矩阵 A\mathbf A 为 2×32\times3,矩阵 B\mathbf B 为 3×23\times2,所以 AB\mathbf{AB} 是 2×22\times2 矩阵。逐项进行“行乘列”运算并化简。

答题过程

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Let C=AB\mathbf C=\mathbf{AB}. Its entries are found by multiplying each row of A\mathbf A by each column of B\mathbf B:

 c11= 2(1)+(−1)(0)+3(2k)= 2+0+6k= 2+6k,\begin{align*} &\,c_{11}\\ =&\,2(1)+(-1)(0)+3(2k)\\ =&\,2+0+6k\\ =&\,2+6k, \end{align*}  c12= 2k+(−1)(−3)+3(2)= 2k+3+6= 2k+9,\begin{align*} &\,c_{12}\\ =&\,2k+(-1)(-3)+3(2)\\ =&\,2k+3+6\\ =&\,2k+9, \end{align*}  c21= (−2)(1)+3(0)+0(2k)= −2+0+0= −2,\begin{align*} &\,c_{21}\\ =&\,(-2)(1)+3(0)+0(2k)\\ =&\,-2+0+0\\ =&\,-2, \end{align*}

and

 c22= (−2)k+3(−3)+0(2)= −2k−9+0= −2k−9.\begin{align*} &\,c_{22}\\ =&\,(-2)k+3(-3)+0(2)\\ =&\,-2k-9+0\\ =&\,-2k-9. \end{align*}

Thus

 AB= (2−13−230) ×(1k0−32k2)= (2+6k2k+3+6−2−2k−9)= (2+6k2k+9−2−2k−9).\begin{align*} &\,\mathbf{AB}\\ =&\,\begin{pmatrix} 2&-1&3\\ -2&3&0 \end{pmatrix}\\ &\,\hspace{2pt}\times\begin{pmatrix} 1&k\\ 0&-3\\ 2k&2 \end{pmatrix}\\ =&\,\begin{pmatrix} 2+6k&2k+3+6\\ -2&-2k-9 \end{pmatrix}\\ =&\,\boxed{\begin{pmatrix} 2+6k&2k+9\\ -2&-2k-9 \end{pmatrix}}. \end{align*}

(b)

解法一

思路

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对 (a) 的 2×22\times2 矩阵求行列式并令其为零。因式分解后会得到两个候选值,其中 k=0k=0 必须根据题设“kk 非零”排除。

答题过程

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Using part (a),

 det⁡(AB)= (2+6k)(−2k−9) −(−2)(2k+9)= −4k−18−12k2 −54k+4k+18= −12k2−54k= −6k(2k+9).\begin{align*} &\,\det(\mathbf{AB})\\ =&\,(2+6k)(-2k-9)\\ &\,\hspace{2pt}-(-2)(2k+9)\\ =&\,-4k-18-12k^2\\ &\,\hspace{2pt}-54k+4k+18\\ =&\,-12k^2-54k\\ =&\,-6k(2k+9). \end{align*}

Therefore,

det⁡(AB)=0\det(\mathbf{AB})=0

when

k=0ork=−92.k=0 \quad\text{or}\quad k=-\frac92.

Since kk is non-zero, k=0k=0 is rejected. Hence

k=−92.\boxed{k=-\frac92}.