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IAL 2023 Jan FP1 Q6

A Level / Edexcel / FP1

IAL 2023 Jan Paper · Question 6

题目

Problem

In this question you must show all stages of your working. Solutions relying entirely on calculator technology are not acceptable.

The rectangular hyperbola HH has equation xy=20xy = 20

The point P(2ta,2at)P\left(2t\sqrt{a}, \dfrac{2\sqrt{a}}{t}\right), t0t \neq 0, where aa is a constant, is a general point on HH

(a) State the value of aa

(1)

(b) Show that the normal to HH at the point PP has equation

tyt3x25(1t4)=0ty - t^3x - 2\sqrt{5}\left(1 - t^4\right) = 0

(4)

The points AA and BB lie on HH

The point AA has parameter t=ct = c and the point BB has parameter t=12ct = -\dfrac{1}{2c}, where cc is a constant.

The normal to HH at AA meets HH again at BB

(c) Determine the possible values of cc

(4)
题目中文翻译

等轴双曲线 HH 的方程为 xy=20xy = 20

P(2ta,2at)P\left(2t\sqrt{a}, \dfrac{2\sqrt{a}}{t}\right)t0t \neq 0),其中 aa 为常数,是 HH 上的一般点。

(a) 写出 aa 的值。

(b) 证明:HH 在点 PP 处的法线方程为 tyt3x25(1t4)=0ty - t^3x - 2\sqrt{5}\left(1 - t^4\right) = 0

AABBHH 上。

AA 的参数为 t=ct = c,点 BB 的参数为 t=12ct = -\dfrac{1}{2c},其中 cc 为常数。

HH 在点 AA 处的法线再次与 HH 相交于点 BB

(c) 确定 cc 的可能值。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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把参数点的两个坐标相乘,并利用它在双曲线 xy=20xy=20 上,即可直接确定 aa

答题过程

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Since PP lies on HH,

(2ta)(2at)=20.\left(2t\sqrt a\right) \left(\frac{2\sqrt a}{t}\right)=20.

As t0t\ne0,

4a=20,4a=20,

so

a=5.\boxed{a=5}.

(b)

解法一

思路

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先由 y=20/xy=20/x 求导,并在 PP 处求出切线斜率;法线斜率是其负倒数。将 a=5a=5 后的点 PP 代入点斜式,再整理成题目要求的形式。

答题过程

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From

y=20x,y=\frac{20}{x}, dydx=20x2.\frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x} =-\frac{20}{x^2}.

At

P(2t5,25t),P\left(2t\sqrt5,\frac{2\sqrt5}{t}\right),

the gradient of the tangent is

20(2t5)2=1t2.-\frac{20}{(2t\sqrt5)^2} =-\frac1{t^2}.

Hence the gradient of the normal is t2t^2. Its equation is therefore

y25t=t2(x2t5).y-\frac{2\sqrt5}{t} =t^2\left(x-2t\sqrt5\right).

Multiplying by tt and rearranging,

ty25=t3x2t45,tyt3x25(1t4)=0.\begin{align*} ty-2\sqrt5 =&\,t^3x-2t^4\sqrt5,\\ ty-t^3x-2\sqrt5(1-t^4) =&\,0. \end{align*}

Thus the normal has equation

tyt3x25(1t4)=0.\boxed{ty-t^3x-2\sqrt5(1-t^4)=0}.

(c)

解法一

思路

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先写出 AA 处的法线,再由点 BB 的参数求其坐标并直接代入。所得方程是关于 c2c^2 的二次方程,最后只保留能给出实数 cc 的解。

答题过程

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At AA, t=ct=c, so the normal is

cyc3x25(1c4)=0.cy-c^3x-2\sqrt5(1-c^4)=0.

Since the parameter of BB is 1/(2c)-1/(2c),

B(5c,4c5).B\left(-\frac{\sqrt5}{c},-4c\sqrt5\right).

Substituting the coordinates of BB into the normal gives

c(4c5)c3(5c)25(1c4)=0,2c43c22=0,(2c2+1)(c22)=0.\begin{align*} c(-4c\sqrt5) -c^3\left(-\frac{\sqrt5}{c}\right) -2\sqrt5(1-c^4) =&\,0,\\ 2c^4-3c^2-2 =&\,0,\\ (2c^2+1)(c^2-2) =&\,0. \end{align*}

For real cc, 2c2+102c^2+1\ne0. Hence

c2=2,c^2=2,

so the possible values are

c=±2.\boxed{c=\pm\sqrt2}.

解法二

思路

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把双曲线方程 y=20/xy=20/x 代入 AA 处的法线,得到法线与双曲线交点的二次方程。因式分解后,一个根对应已知点 AA,另一个根对应 BB;将第二个横坐标与 BB 的参数坐标比较。

答题过程

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Substituting y=20/xy=20/x into the normal at AA gives

20cxc3x25(1c4)=0.\frac{20c}{x}-c^3x -2\sqrt5(1-c^4)=0.

Since c0c\ne0 and neither point on HH has x=0x=0, this is equivalent to

c3x2+25(1c4)x20c=0.c^3x^2+2\sqrt5(1-c^4)x-20c=0.

Factorising,

(c3x+25)(x2c5)=0.(c^3x+2\sqrt5)(x-2c\sqrt5)=0.

The root x=2c5x=2c\sqrt5 corresponds to AA. Therefore the second intersection has

x=25c3.x=-\frac{2\sqrt5}{c^3}.

But the parameter of BB is 1/(2c)-1/(2c), so

xB=5c.x_B=-\frac{\sqrt5}{c}.

Equating these expressions,

25c3=5c.-\frac{2\sqrt5}{c^3} =-\frac{\sqrt5}{c}.

Since c0c\ne0,

c2=2,c^2=2,

and hence

c=±2.\boxed{c=\pm\sqrt2}.

解法三

思路

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由于直线 ABAB 就是 AA 处的法线,可先用两点坐标求 ABAB 的斜率,再与 (b) 中法线斜率 c2c^2 比较。这条路线运算最短。

答题过程

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The coordinates are

A(2c5,25c)A\left(2c\sqrt5,\frac{2\sqrt5}{c}\right)

and

B(5c,4c5).B\left(-\frac{\sqrt5}{c},-4c\sqrt5\right).

Therefore,

mAB=25/c+4c52c5+5/c=2+4c22c2+1=2.\begin{align*} m_{AB} =&\,\frac{2\sqrt5/c+4c\sqrt5} {2c\sqrt5+\sqrt5/c}\\ =&\,\frac{2+4c^2}{2c^2+1}\\ =&\,2. \end{align*}

From part (b), the gradient of the normal at AA is c2c^2. Since ABAB is this normal,

c2=2.c^2=2.

Thus

c=±2.\boxed{c=\pm\sqrt2}.