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FP1 2023 Jan Q6

A Level / Edexcel / FP1

IAL 2023 Jan Paper · Question 6

题目

Problem

In this question you must show all stages of your working. Solutions relying entirely on calculator technology are not acceptable.

The rectangular hyperbola HH has equation xy=20xy = 20

The point P(2ta,2at)P\Big(2t\sqrt{a}, \dfrac{2\sqrt{a}}{t}\Big), t≠0t \neq 0, where aa is a constant, is a general point on HH

(a) State the value of aa

(1)

(b) Show that the normal to HH at the point PP has equation

 ty−t3x −25(1−t4)= 0\begin{align*} &\,ty-t^3x\\ &\,\hspace{2pt}-2\sqrt5\big(1-t^4\big)\\ =&\,0 \end{align*}
(4)

The points AA and BB lie on HH

The point AA has parameter t=ct = c and the point BB has parameter t=−12ct = -\dfrac{1}{2c}, where cc is a constant.

The normal to HH at AA meets HH again at BB

(c) Determine the possible values of cc

(4)
题目中文翻译

本题必须展示所有解题步骤。 完全依赖计算器技术的解答不可接受。

等轴双曲线 HH 的方程为 xy=20xy = 20。

点 P(2ta,2at)P\Big(2t\sqrt{a}, \dfrac{2\sqrt{a}}{t}\Big)(t≠0t \neq 0),其中 aa 为常数,是 HH 上的一般点。

(a) 写出 aa 的值。

(1)

(b) 证明:HH 在点 PP 处的法线方程为

 ty−t3x −25(1−t4)= 0\begin{align*} &\,ty-t^3x\\ &\,\hspace{2pt}-2\sqrt5\big(1-t^4\big)\\ =&\,0 \end{align*}
(4)

点 AA 和 BB 在 HH 上。

点 AA 的参数为 t=ct = c,点 BB 的参数为 t=−12ct = -\dfrac{1}{2c},其中 cc 为常数。

HH 在点 AA 处的法线再次与 HH 相交于点 BB。

(c) 确定 cc 的可能值。

(4)

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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把参数点的两个坐标相乘,并利用它在双曲线 xy=20xy=20 上,即可直接确定 aa。

答题过程

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Since PP lies on HH,

(2ta)(2at)=20.\Big(2t\sqrt a\Big) \Big(\frac{2\sqrt a}{t}\Big)=20.

As t≠0t\ne0,

4a=20,4a=20,

so

a=5.\boxed{a=5}.

(b)

解法一

思路

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先由 y=20/xy=20/x 求导,并在 PP 处求出切线斜率;法线斜率是其负倒数。将 a=5a=5 后的点 PP 代入点斜式,再整理成题目要求的形式。

答题过程

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From

y=20x,y=\frac{20}{x}, dydx=−20x2.\frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x} =-\frac{20}{x^2}.

At

P(2t5,25t),P\Big(2t\sqrt5,\frac{2\sqrt5}{t}\Big),

the gradient of the tangent is

 −20(2t5)2= −2020t2= −1t2.\begin{align*} &\,-\frac{20}{(2t\sqrt5)^2}\\ =&\,-\frac{20}{20t^2}\\ =&\,-\frac1{t^2}. \end{align*}

Hence the gradient of the normal is t2t^2. Its equation is therefore

 y−25t= t2(x−2t5).\begin{align*} &\,y-\frac{2\sqrt5}{t}\\ =&\,t^2\big(x-2t\sqrt5\big). \end{align*}

Multiplying by tt and rearranging,

 ty−25= t3x−2t45, ty−t3x −25(1−t4)= 0.\begin{align*} &\,ty-2\sqrt5\\ =&\,t^3x-2t^4\sqrt5,\\ &\,ty-t^3x\\ &\,\hspace{2pt}-2\sqrt5(1-t^4)\\ =&\,0. \end{align*}

Thus the normal has equation

 ty−t3x −25(1−t4)= 0.\begin{align*} &\,ty-t^3x\\ &\,\hspace{2pt}-2\sqrt5(1-t^4)\\ =&\,0. \end{align*}

解法二

思路

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也可以直接对 xy=20xy=20 隐函数求导。由 x dy/dx+y=0x\,\mathrm{d}y/\mathrm{d}x+y=0 得到切线斜率,再取负倒数求法线斜率,最后代入点斜式。

答题过程

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Differentiating xy=20xy=20 implicitly gives

xdydx+y=0,x\frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x}+y=0,

so

dydx=−yx.\frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x}=-\frac yx.

At PP,

dydx= −25/t2t5= −1t2.\begin{align*} \frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x} =&\,-\frac{2\sqrt5/t}{2t\sqrt5}\\ =&\,-\frac1{t^2}. \end{align*}

Hence the normal gradient is t2t^2, and the normal is

 y−25t= t2(x−2t5).\begin{align*} &\,y-\frac{2\sqrt5}{t}\\ =&\,t^2\big(x-2t\sqrt5\big). \end{align*}

Multiplying by tt,

 ty−25= t3x−2t45.\begin{align*} &\,ty-2\sqrt5\\ =&\,t^3x-2t^4\sqrt5. \end{align*}

Rearranging gives the required equation:

 ty−t3x −25(1−t4)= 0.\begin{align*} &\,ty-t^3x\\ &\,\hspace{2pt}-2\sqrt5(1-t^4)\\ =&\,0. \end{align*}

(c)

解法一

思路

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先写出 AA 处的法线,再由点 BB 的参数求其坐标并直接代入。所得方程是关于 c2c^2 的二次方程,最后只保留能给出实数 cc 的解。

答题过程

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At AA, t=ct=c, so the normal is

 cy−c3x −25(1−c4)= 0.\begin{align*} &\,cy-c^3x\\ &\,\hspace{2pt}-2\sqrt5(1-c^4)\\ =&\,0. \end{align*}

Since the parameter of BB is −1/(2c)-1/(2c),

B(−5c,−4c5).B\Big(-\frac{\sqrt5}{c},-4c\sqrt5\Big).

Substituting the coordinates of BB into the normal gives

 c(−4c5) −c3(−5c) −25(1−c4)= 0, −4c25+c25 −25+2c45= 0.\begin{align*} &\,c(-4c\sqrt5)\\ &\,\hspace{2pt}-c^3\Big(-\frac{\sqrt5}{c}\Big)\\ &\,\hspace{4pt}-2\sqrt5(1-c^4)\\ =&\,0,\\ &\,-4c^2\sqrt5+c^2\sqrt5\\ &\,\hspace{2pt}-2\sqrt5+2c^4\sqrt5\\ =&\,0. \end{align*}

Dividing by 5\sqrt5 and collecting terms,

 −4c2+c2−2+2c4= 0, 2c4−3c2−2= 0.\begin{align*} &\,-4c^2+c^2-2+2c^4\\ =&\,0,\\ &\,2c^4-3c^2-2\\ =&\,0. \end{align*}

Factorising the quadratic in c2c^2,

 2c4−3c2−2= 2c4+c2−4c2−2= c2(2c2+1) −2(2c2+1)= (2c2+1)(c2−2).\begin{align*} &\,2c^4-3c^2-2\\ =&\,2c^4+c^2-4c^2-2\\ =&\,c^2(2c^2+1)\\ &\,\hspace{2pt}-2(2c^2+1)\\ =&\,(2c^2+1)(c^2-2). \end{align*}

Thus

 (2c2+1)(c2−2)= 0.\begin{align*} &\,(2c^2+1)(c^2-2)\\ =&\,0. \end{align*}

For real cc, 2c2+1≠02c^2+1\ne0. Hence

c2=2,c^2=2,

so the possible values are

c=±2.\boxed{c=\pm\sqrt2}.

解法二

思路

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把双曲线方程 y=20/xy=20/x 代入 AA 处的法线,得到法线与双曲线交点的二次方程。因式分解后,一个根对应已知点 AA,另一个根对应 BB;将第二个横坐标与 BB 的参数坐标比较。

答题过程

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Substituting y=20/xy=20/x into the normal at AA gives

 20cx−c3x −25(1−c4)= 0.\begin{align*} &\,\frac{20c}{x}-c^3x\\ &\,\hspace{2pt}-2\sqrt5(1-c^4)\\ =&\,0. \end{align*}

Since c≠0c\ne0 and neither point on HH has x=0x=0, this is equivalent to

 c3x2+25(1−c4)x −20c= 0.\begin{align*} &\,c^3x^2+2\sqrt5(1-c^4)x\\ &\,\hspace{2pt}-20c\\ =&\,0. \end{align*}

To factorise, note that

 (c3x+25) ×(x−2c5)= c3x2−2c45 x +25 x−20c= c3x2+25(1−c4)x −20c.\begin{align*} &\,(c^3x+2\sqrt5)\\ &\,\hspace{2pt}\times(x-2c\sqrt5)\\ =&\,c^3x^2-2c^4\sqrt5\,x\\ &\,\hspace{2pt}+2\sqrt5\,x-20c\\ =&\,c^3x^2+2\sqrt5(1-c^4)x\\ &\,\hspace{2pt}-20c. \end{align*}

Therefore,

 (c3x+25) ×(x−2c5)= 0.\begin{align*} &\,(c^3x+2\sqrt5)\\ &\,\hspace{2pt}\times(x-2c\sqrt5)\\ =&\,0. \end{align*}

The root x=2c5x=2c\sqrt5 corresponds to AA. Therefore the second intersection has

x=−25c3.x=-\frac{2\sqrt5}{c^3}.

But the parameter of BB is −1/(2c)-1/(2c), so

xB=−5c.x_B=-\frac{\sqrt5}{c}.

Equating these expressions,

−25c3=−5c.-\frac{2\sqrt5}{c^3} =-\frac{\sqrt5}{c}.

Multiplying by the non-zero quantity −c3/5-c^3/\sqrt5 gives

2=c2,2=c^2,

and hence

c=±2.\boxed{c=\pm\sqrt2}.

解法三

思路

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由于直线 ABAB 就是 AA 处的法线,可先用两点坐标求 ABAB 的斜率,再与 (b) 中法线斜率 c2c^2 比较。这条路线运算最短。

答题过程

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The coordinates are

A(2c5,25c)A\Big(2c\sqrt5,\frac{2\sqrt5}{c}\Big)

and

B(−5c,−4c5).B\Big(-\frac{\sqrt5}{c},-4c\sqrt5\Big).

Therefore,

mAB= 25/c+4c52c5+5/c= 2+4c22c2+1= 2.\begin{align*} m_{AB} =&\,\frac{2\sqrt5/c+4c\sqrt5} {2c\sqrt5+\sqrt5/c}\\ =&\,\frac{2+4c^2}{2c^2+1}\\ =&\,2. \end{align*}

From part (b), the gradient of the normal at AA is c2c^2. Since ABAB is this normal,

c2=2.c^2=2.

Thus

c=±2.\boxed{c=\pm\sqrt2}.