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IAL 2023 Jan FP1 Q8

A Level / Edexcel / FP1

IAL 2023 Jan Paper · Question 8

题目

Problem

A parabola CC has equation y2=4axy^2 = 4ax where aa is a positive constant.

The point SS is the focus of CC

The line l1l_1 with equation y=ky = k where kk is a positive constant, intersects CC at the point PP

(a) Show that

PS=k2+4a24aPS = \frac{k^2 + 4a^2}{4a}

(3)

The line l2l_2 passes through PP and intersects the directrix of CC on the xx-axis.

The line l2l_2 intersects the yy-axis at the point AA

(b) Show that the yy coordinate of AA is

4a2kk2+4a2\frac{4a^2k}{k^2 + 4a^2}

(3)

The line l1l_1 intersects the directrix of CC at the point BB

Given that the areas of triangles BPABPA and OSPOSP, where OO is the origin, satisfy the ratio

area BPA:area OSP=4k2:1\text{area } BPA : \text{area } OSP = 4k^2 : 1

(c) determine the exact value of aa

(5)
题目中文翻译

抛物线 CC 的方程为 y2=4axy^2 = 4ax,其中 aa 为正常数。

SSCC 的焦点。

直线 l1l_1 的方程为 y=ky = k,其中 kk 为正常数,与 CC 相交于点 PP

(a) 证明 PS=k2+4a24aPS = \frac{k^2 + 4a^2}{4a}

直线 l2l_2 过点 PP,与 CC 的准线在 xx 轴上相交。

直线 l2l_2yy 轴相交于点 AA

(b) 证明点 AAyy 坐标为 4a2kk2+4a2\frac{4a^2k}{k^2 + 4a^2}

直线 l1l_1CC 的准线相交于点 BB

已知三角形 BPABPAOSPOSP 的面积满足比例 area BPA:area OSP=4k2:1\text{area } BPA : \text{area } OSP = 4k^2 : 1 其中 OO 为原点,

(c) 确定 aa 的精确值。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

先由 y=ky=k 求出点 PP。抛物线上的点到焦点与到准线的距离相等,而准线是 x=ax=-a;因此 PSPS 就是 PP 到准线的水平距离。

答题过程

展开

Since PP lies on CC and y=ky=k,

k2=4axP,k^2=4ax_P,

so

P(k24a,k).P\left(\frac{k^2}{4a},k\right).

The directrix of CC is x=ax=-a. By the focus-directrix property of a parabola,

PS=k24a(a)=k2+4a24a.\begin{align*} PS =&\,\frac{k^2}{4a}-(-a)\\ =&\,\boxed{\frac{k^2+4a^2}{4a}}. \end{align*}

解法二

思路

展开

使用焦点 S=(a,0)S=(a,0) 与点 PP 的坐标,通过距离公式直接计算 PSPS。展开平方和后,分子恰好成为完全平方。

答题过程

展开

The focus is S(a,0)S(a,0) and

P(k24a,k).P\left(\frac{k^2}{4a},k\right).

Therefore,

PS2=(k24aa)2+k2=(k24a2)2+16a2k216a2=k4+8a2k2+16a416a2=(k2+4a2)216a2.\begin{align*} PS^2 =&\,\left(\frac{k^2}{4a}-a\right)^2+k^2\\ =&\,\frac{(k^2-4a^2)^2+16a^2k^2} {16a^2}\\ =&\,\frac{k^4+8a^2k^2+16a^4} {16a^2}\\ =&\,\frac{(k^2+4a^2)^2}{16a^2}. \end{align*}

Since a>0a>0 and PS>0PS>0,

PS=k2+4a24a.\boxed{PS=\frac{k^2+4a^2}{4a}}.

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

l2l_2 与准线及 xx 轴的交点为 D=(a,0)D=(-a,0)。利用 DDPP 两点求直线斜率,再写出过 DD 的直线方程;令 x=0x=0 即得到 AA 的纵坐标。

答题过程

展开

Let DD be the point where l2l_2 meets the directrix on the xx-axis. Then

D=(a,0).D=(-a,0).

Using P(k2/(4a),k)P\big(k^2/(4a),k\big), the gradient of l2l_2 is

m=kk2/(4a)+a=4akk2+4a2.\begin{align*} m =&\,\frac{k}{k^2/(4a)+a}\\ =&\,\frac{4ak}{k^2+4a^2}. \end{align*}

Hence the equation of l2l_2 is

y=4akk2+4a2(x+a).y=\frac{4ak}{k^2+4a^2}(x+a).

At AA, x=0x=0, so

yA=4a2kk2+4a2.\boxed{y_A=\frac{4a^2k}{k^2+4a^2}}.

解法二

思路

展开

也可用直线 DPADPA 上形成的相似直角三角形。纵向变化量与横向变化量成固定比例,把 DADADPDP 对应即可直接求截距。

答题过程

展开

Let A=(0,h)A=(0,h) and D=(a,0)D=(-a,0). Since DD, AA and PP are collinear,

ha=kk2/(4a)+a.\frac{h}{a} =\frac{k}{k^2/(4a)+a}.

Therefore,

h=akk2/(4a)+a=4a2kk2+4a2.\begin{align*} h =&\,\frac{ak}{k^2/(4a)+a}\\ =&\,\boxed{\frac{4a^2k}{k^2+4a^2}}. \end{align*}

(c)

解法一

思路

展开

分别以水平或竖直线段作底计算两个三角形面积。对 BPABPA 而言,底边 BPBP 的长度正是 (a) 的 PSPS,高为 kyAk-y_A;代入 (a)、(b) 后大量因式约去,再使用给定面积比求 aa

答题过程

展开

The coordinates of the relevant points are

O=(0,0),S=(a,0),B=(a,k).O=(0,0), \quad S=(a,0), \quad B=(-a,k).

Thus

area(OSP)=12ak.\operatorname{area}(OSP)=\frac12ak.

Also,

BP=k24a+a=k2+4a24a,BP=\frac{k^2}{4a}+a =\frac{k^2+4a^2}{4a},

and, using part (b),

kyA=k4a2kk2+4a2=k3k2+4a2.\begin{align*} k-y_A =&\,k-\frac{4a^2k}{k^2+4a^2}\\ =&\,\frac{k^3}{k^2+4a^2}. \end{align*}

Therefore,

area(BPA)=12(k2+4a24a)(k3k2+4a2)=k38a.\begin{align*} \operatorname{area}(BPA) =&\,\frac12\left( \frac{k^2+4a^2}{4a} \right) \left( \frac{k^3}{k^2+4a^2} \right)\\ =&\,\frac{k^3}{8a}. \end{align*}

Using the given ratio,

area(BPA)area(OSP)=4k2,k3/(8a)ak/2=4k2,k24a2=4k2.\begin{align*} \frac{\operatorname{area}(BPA)} {\operatorname{area}(OSP)} =&\,4k^2,\\ \frac{k^3/(8a)}{ak/2} =&\,4k^2,\\ \frac{k^2}{4a^2} =&\,4k^2. \end{align*}

Since k>0k>0,

14a2=4,a2=116.\begin{align*} \frac1{4a^2}=&\,4,\\ a^2=&\,\frac1{16}. \end{align*}

Since a>0a>0,

a=14.\boxed{a=\frac14}.