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IAL 2023 May FP1 Q3

A Level / Edexcel / FP1

IAL 2023 May Paper · Question 3

题目

Problem

3. The rectangular hyperbola HH has Cartesian equation xy=9xy=9

The point PP with coordinates (3t,3t)\left(3t,\dfrac3t\right), where t0t\neq0, lies on HH

(a) Use calculus to determine an equation for the normal to HH at the point PP

Give your answer in the form tyt3x=f(t)ty-t^3x=f(t)

(4)

Given that t=2t=2

(b) determine the coordinates of the point where the normal meets HH again.

Give your answer in simplest form.

(3)
题目中文翻译
  1. 矩形双曲线 HH 的直角坐标方程为 xy=9xy=9

P(3t,3t)P\left(3t,\dfrac3t\right)(其中 t0t\neq0)在 HH 上。

(a) 使用微积分求双曲线 HH 在点 PP 处的法线方程。

答案写成 tyt3x=f(t)ty-t^3x=f(t) 的形式。

已知 t=2t=2

(b) 求法线再次与 HH 相交之点的坐标,答案写成最简形式。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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xy=9xy=9 隐函数求导,在 PP 处得到切线斜率,再取负倒数得到法线斜率。最后用点斜式写法线,并整理为题目指定形式。

答题过程

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Differentiating xy=9xy=9 implicitly with respect to xx,

xdydx+y=0,x\frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x}+y=0,

so

dydx=yx.\frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x}=-\frac yx.

At P(3t,3/t)P\left(3t,3/t\right), the tangent gradient is

mT=3/t3t=1t2.m_T=-\frac{3/t}{3t}=-\frac1{t^2}.

Hence the normal gradient is mN=t2m_N=t^2. Its equation is

y3t=t2(x3t).y-\frac3t=t^2(x-3t).

Multiplying by tt and rearranging,

tyt3x=33t4,\boxed{ty-t^3x=3-3t^4},

so f(t)=33t4f(t)=3-3t^4.

解法二

思路

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官方评分资料也允许先把双曲线写成显函数 y=9x1y=9x^{-1},直接对幂函数求导。代入 x=3tx=3t 后,后续法线步骤相同。

答题过程

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Writing y=9x1y=9x^{-1} and differentiating,

dydx=9x2.\frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x}=-9x^{-2}.

At x=3tx=3t,

mT=9(3t)2=1t2,m_T=-\frac9{(3t)^2}=-\frac1{t^2},

so mN=t2m_N=t^2. Therefore,

y3t=t2(x3t),ty3=t3x3t4.\begin{align*} y-\frac3t=&\,t^2(x-3t),\\ ty-3=&\,t^3x-3t^4. \end{align*}

Hence

tyt3x=33t4.\boxed{ty-t^3x=3-3t^4}.

解法三

思路

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也可把点的表示视为双曲线的参数方程 x=3tx=3ty=3/ty=3/t,分别对参数求导,再用 dy/dx=(dy/dt)/(dx/dt)\mathrm{d}y/\mathrm{d}x=(\mathrm{d}y/\mathrm{d}t)/(\mathrm{d}x/\mathrm{d}t)

答题过程

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Using

x=3t,y=3t1,x=3t, \qquad y=3t^{-1},

we have

dxdt=3,dydt=3t2.\frac{\mathrm{d}x}{\mathrm{d}t}=3, \qquad \frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}t}=-3t^{-2}.

Thus

dydx=3t23=1t2.\frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x} =\frac{-3t^{-2}}3 =-\frac1{t^2}.

The normal gradient is therefore t2t^2, so

y3t=t2(x3t),tyt3x=33t4.\begin{align*} y-\frac3t=&\,t^2(x-3t),\\ ty-t^3x=&\,3-3t^4. \end{align*}

Hence

tyt3x=33t4.\boxed{ty-t^3x=3-3t^4}.

(b)

解法一

思路

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t=2t=2 代入 (a) 的法线方程,再用法线表示 yy 并代入 xy=9xy=9。所得二次方程的一个根对应已知点 PP,另一个根就是再次相交点的横坐标。

答题过程

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When t=2t=2, the normal is

2y8x=33(24)=45,2y-8x=3-3(2^4)=-45,

so

y=4x452.y=4x-\frac{45}{2}.

Substituting into xy=9xy=9,

x(4x452)=9.x\left(4x-\frac{45}{2}\right)=9.

Hence

8x245x18=0,(8x+3)(x6)=0.\begin{align*} 8x^2-45x-18=&\,0,\\ (8x+3)(x-6)=&\,0. \end{align*}

The root x=6x=6 corresponds to P=(6,3/2)P=(6,3/2). At the other intersection,

x=38.x=-\frac38.

Using xy=9xy=9,

y=93/8=24.y=\frac9{-3/8}=-24.

Therefore the normal meets HH again at

(38,24).\boxed{\left(-\frac38,-24\right)}.

解法二

思路

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官方评分资料同样允许改为消去 xx。由法线方程把 xx 表示成 yy,代入 xy=9xy=9 后直接求纵坐标,再排除已知点 PP

答题过程

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From

2y8x=45,2y-8x=-45,

we obtain

x=y4+458.x=\frac y4+\frac{45}{8}.

Substituting into xy=9xy=9 gives

y(y4+458)=9.y\left(\frac y4+\frac{45}{8}\right)=9.

Therefore,

2y2+45y72=0,(2y3)(y+24)=0.\begin{align*} 2y^2+45y-72=&\,0,\\ (2y-3)(y+24)=&\,0. \end{align*}

The root y=3/2y=3/2 corresponds to PP. At the other intersection, y=24y=-24, and hence

x=924=38.x=\frac9{-24}=-\frac38.

Therefore the required point is

(38,24).\boxed{\left(-\frac38,-24\right)}.