Skip to content
CalcGospel 國際數學圖譜
返回

IAL 2024 Jan FP1 Q2

A Level / Edexcel / FP1

IAL 2024 Jan Paper · Question 2

题目

Problem

f(z)=2z3+pz2+qz41f(z) = 2z^3 + pz^2 + qz - 41

where pp and qq are integers.

The complex number 54i5 - 4i is a root of the equation f(z)=0f(z) = 0

(a) Write down another complex root of this equation.

(1)

(b) Solve the equation f(z)=0f(z) = 0 completely.

(4)

(c) Determine the value of pp and the value of qq.

(2)

When plotted on an Argand diagram, the points representing the roots of the equation f(z)=0f(z) = 0 form the vertices of a triangle.

(d) Determine the area of this triangle.

(2)
题目中文翻译

已知 f(z)=2z3+pz2+qz41f(z) = 2z^3 + pz^2 + qz - 41,其中 ppqq 为整数。

复数 54i5 - 4i 是方程 f(z)=0f(z) = 0 的一个根。

(a) 直接写出该方程的另一个复数根。

(b) 完全解方程 f(z)=0f(z) = 0

(c) 确定 ppqq 的值。

当在 Argand 图上绘制时,方程 f(z)=0f(z) = 0 的根所对应的点构成一个三角形的顶点。

(d) 确定该三角形的面积。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

多项式系数均为实数,因此非实复根必成共轭对出现。

答题过程

展开

Since ff has real coefficients and 54i5-4\mathrm{i} is a root, its complex conjugate is also a root. Hence another root is

5+4i.\boxed{5+4\mathrm{i}}.

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

先由共轭复根构造实系数二次因式。再利用首项系数与常数项确定剩余的一次因式,即可列出全部三个根。

答题过程

展开

The conjugate pair gives the factor

(z(54i))(z(5+4i))=(z5)2(4i)2=z210z+41.\begin{align*} &\,\big(z-(5-4\mathrm{i})\big) \big(z-(5+4\mathrm{i})\big)\\ =&\,(z-5)^2-(4\mathrm{i})^2\\ =&\,z^2-10z+41. \end{align*}

Since the leading coefficient of ff is 2 and its constant term is 41-41,

f(z)=(z210z+41)(2z1).f(z)=(z^2-10z+41)(2z-1).

Therefore,

z=54i,5+4i,12.\boxed{z=5-4\mathrm{i},\quad 5+4\mathrm{i},\quad \frac12}.

解法二

思路

展开

利用三次多项式根积公式直接求第三根。两个共轭根的乘积是模长平方,而三个根的乘积由常数项和首项系数给出。

答题过程

展开

Let the third root be rr. The product of the conjugate roots is

(54i)(5+4i)=25+16=41.(5-4\mathrm{i})(5+4\mathrm{i})=25+16=41.

For the cubic 2z3+pz2+qz412z^3+pz^2+qz-41, the product of all three roots is

412=412.-\frac{-41}{2}=\frac{41}{2}.

Hence

41r=412,41r=\frac{41}{2},

so r=1/2r=1/2. Thus

z=54i,5+4i,12.\boxed{z=5-4\mathrm{i},\quad 5+4\mathrm{i},\quad \frac12}.

解法三

思路

展开

先把复根代入 f(z)=0f(z)=0,比较实部和虚部,联立求出整数 p,qp,q;再分解所得三次多项式。这是官方评分资料给出的另一条完整路线,也同时得到 (c) 的答案。

答题过程

展开

Using the root 5+4i5+4\mathrm{i},

(5+4i)2=9+40i(5+4\mathrm{i})^2=9+40\mathrm{i}

and

2(5+4i)3=230+472i.2(5+4\mathrm{i})^3=-230+472\mathrm{i}.

Substituting into f(z)=0f(z)=0 and equating real and imaginary parts gives

9p+5q=271,40p+4q=472.\begin{align*} 9p+5q=&\,271,\\ 40p+4q=&\,-472. \end{align*}

Solving these equations gives

p=21,q=92.p=-21, \qquad q=92.

Therefore,

f(z)=2z321z2+92z41=(z210z+41)(2z1).\begin{align*} f(z) =&\,2z^3-21z^2+92z-41\\ =&\,(z^2-10z+41)(2z-1). \end{align*}

Hence

z=54i,5+4i,12.\boxed{z=5-4\mathrm{i},\quad 5+4\mathrm{i},\quad \frac12}.

(c)

解法一

思路

展开

承接 (b) 解法一,把已经确定的两个因式相乘,再比较 z2z^2zz 的系数。

答题过程

展开

From part (b),

f(z)=(z210z+41)(2z1)=2z321z2+92z41.\begin{align*} f(z) =&\,(z^2-10z+41)(2z-1)\\ =&\,2z^3-21z^2+92z-41. \end{align*}

Comparing this with

f(z)=2z3+pz2+qz41f(z)=2z^3+pz^2+qz-41

gives

p=21,q=92.\boxed{p=-21,\qquad q=92}.

解法二

思路

展开

利用三次方程的根与系数关系:三根之和确定 pp,两两乘积之和确定 qq

答题过程

展开

The sum of the roots is

(54i)+(5+4i)+12=212.(5-4\mathrm{i})+(5+4\mathrm{i})+\frac12 =\frac{21}{2}.

Hence

p2=212,-\frac p2=\frac{21}{2},

so p=21p=-21.

The sum of the products of the roots taken two at a time is

(54i)(5+4i)+12(54i)+12(5+4i)=41+5=46.\begin{align*} &\,(5-4\mathrm{i})(5+4\mathrm{i})\\ &\,+\frac12(5-4\mathrm{i}) +\frac12(5+4\mathrm{i})\\ =&\,41+5\\ =&\,46. \end{align*}

Therefore,

q2=46,\frac q2=46,

so

p=21,q=92.\boxed{p=-21,\qquad q=92}.

解法三

思路

展开

直接使用 (b) 解法三中代入复根所得的实部、虚部方程,联立求解 p,qp,q

答题过程

展开

Substitution of 5+4i5+4\mathrm{i} into f(z)=0f(z)=0 gives

9p+5q=271,40p+4q=472.\begin{align*} 9p+5q=&\,271,\\ 40p+4q=&\,-472. \end{align*}

Dividing the second equation by 4,

10p+q=118,10p+q=-118,

so

q=11810p.q=-118-10p.

Substituting into the first equation,

9p+5(11810p)=271,41p=861,p=21.\begin{align*} 9p+5(-118-10p)=&\,271,\\ -41p=&\,861,\\ p=&\,-21. \end{align*}

It follows that

q=11810(21)=92.q=-118-10(-21)=92.

Therefore,

p=21,q=92.\boxed{p=-21,\qquad q=92}.

(d)

解法一

思路

展开

在 Argand 图上,共轭根对应点 (5,±4)(5,\pm4),第三个根对应点 (1/2,0)(1/2,0)。取竖直线段为底,其长度为 8;第三点到直线 x=5x=5 的水平距离为 9/29/2

答题过程

展开

The points representing the roots are

(5,4),(5,4),(12,0).(5,-4), \qquad (5,4), \qquad \left(\frac12,0\right).

The vertical base has length 8, and the perpendicular height is

512=92.5-\frac12=\frac92.

Therefore, the area of the triangle is

12×8×92=18 square units.\frac12\times8\times\frac92 =\boxed{18\text{ square units}}.