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FP1 2024 Jan Q5

A Level / Edexcel / FP1

IAL 2024 Jan Paper · Question 5

题目

Problem

The quadratic equation

2x2−3x+7=02x^2 - 3x + 7 = 0

has roots α\alpha and β\beta

Without solving the equation,

(a) write down the value of (α+β)(\alpha + \beta) and the value of αβ\alpha\beta

(1)

(b) determine the value of α2+β2\alpha^2 + \beta^2

(2)

(c) find a quadratic equation which has roots

(α−1β2)\Big(\alpha-\frac1{\beta^2}\Big)

and

(β−1α2)\Big(\beta-\frac1{\alpha^2}\Big)

giving your answer in the form px2+qx+r=0px^2 + qx + r = 0 where pp, qq and rr are integers to be determined.

(6)
题目中文翻译

二次方程

2x2−3x+7=02x^2 - 3x + 7 = 0

的两根为 α\alpha 和 β\beta。

不需求解该方程,

(a) 直接写出 (α+β)(\alpha + \beta) 和 αβ\alpha\beta 的值。

(1)

(b) 确定 α2+β2\alpha^2 + \beta^2 的值。

(2)

(c) 求一个二次方程,使其两根为

(α−1β2)\Big(\alpha-\frac1{\beta^2}\Big)

和

(β−1α2)\Big(\beta-\frac1{\alpha^2}\Big)

答案以 px2+qx+r=0px^2 + qx + r = 0 的形式表示,其中 pp、qq、rr 为待确定的整数。

(6)

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

直接使用二次方程的根与系数关系,不求出两根本身。

答题过程

展开

By the sum and product of roots,

α+β=32,αβ=72.\boxed{\alpha+\beta=\frac32, \qquad \alpha\beta=\frac72}.

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

把平方和写成 (α+β)2−2αβ(\alpha+\beta)^2-2\alpha\beta,便能完全使用 (a) 的结果计算,无需求根。

答题过程

展开 α2+β2= (α+β)2−2αβ= (32)2−2(72)= −194.\begin{align*} \alpha^2+\beta^2 =&\,(\alpha+\beta)^2-2\alpha\beta\\ =&\,\Big(\frac32\Big)^2 -2\Big(\frac72\Big)\\ =&\,\boxed{-\frac{19}{4}}. \end{align*}

(c)

解法一

思路

展开

先利用 (a)、(b) 求出两个新根的和与积,再套用“x2−x^2- 根和 ×x+\times x+ 根积 =0=0”。分母统一为 98 后,整体乘以 98 得到整数系数。

答题过程

展开

The sum of the new roots is

S= α−1β2+β−1α2= α+β−α2+β2α2β2= 32−−19/4(7/2)2= 32+1949= 147+3898= 18598.\begin{align*} S =&\,\alpha-\frac1{\beta^2} +\beta-\frac1{\alpha^2}\\ =&\,\alpha+\beta -\frac{\alpha^2+\beta^2}{\alpha^2\beta^2}\\ =&\,\frac32 -\frac{-19/4}{(7/2)^2}\\ =&\,\frac32+\frac{19}{49}\\ =&\,\frac{147+38}{98}\\ =&\,\frac{185}{98}. \end{align*}

The product of the new roots is

 P= (α−1β2)(β−1α2)= αβ−1α−1β+1α2β2= αβ−α+βαβ+1(αβ)2= 72−3/27/2+1(7/2)2= 72−37+449= 343−42+898= 30998.\begin{align*} &\,P\\ =&\,\Big(\alpha-\frac1{\beta^2}\Big) \Big(\beta-\frac1{\alpha^2}\Big)\\ =&\,\alpha\beta-\frac1\alpha -\frac1\beta+\frac1{\alpha^2\beta^2}\\ =&\,\alpha\beta -\frac{\alpha+\beta}{\alpha\beta} +\frac1{(\alpha\beta)^2}\\ =&\,\frac72-\frac{3/2}{7/2} +\frac1{(7/2)^2}\\ =&\,\frac72-\frac37+\frac4{49}\\ =&\,\frac{343-42+8}{98}\\ =&\,\frac{309}{98}. \end{align*}

Hence the required equation is

x2−18598x+30998=0.x^2-\frac{185}{98}x+\frac{309}{98}=0.

Multiplying by 98 gives

98x2−185x+309=0.\boxed{98x^2-185x+309=0}.