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IAL 2024 May FP1 Q2

A Level / Edexcel / FP1

IAL 2024 May Paper · Question 2

题目

Problem

In this question you must show all stages of your working. Solutions relying entirely on calculator technology are not acceptable.

f(z)=z313z2+59z+ppZf(z) = z^3 - 13z^2 + 59z + p \quad p \in \mathbb{Z}

Given that z=3z = 3 is a root of the equation f(z)=0f(z) = 0

(a) show that p=87p = -87

(2)

(b) Use algebra to determine the other roots of f(z)=0f(z) = 0, giving your answers in simplest form.

(4)

On an Argand diagram

  • the root z=3z = 3 is represented by the point PP
  • the other roots of f(z)=0f(z) = 0 are represented by the points QQ and RR
  • the number z=9z = -9 is represented by the point SS

(c) Show on a single Argand diagram the positions of PP, QQ, RR and SS

(1)

(d) Determine the perimeter of the quadrilateral PQSRPQSR, giving your answer as a simplified surd.

(2)
题目中文翻译

本题必须展示完整解题过程,不允许完全依赖计算器技术。

已知 f(z)=z313z2+59z+ppZf(z) = z^3 - 13z^2 + 59z + p \quad p \in \mathbb{Z}

已知 z=3z = 3 是方程 f(z)=0f(z) = 0 的一个根。

(a) 证明 p=87p = -87

(b) 用代数方法确定方程 f(z)=0f(z) = 0 的其余根,结果以最简形式给出。

在阿甘图(Argand diagram)上:

  • z=3z = 3 用点 PP 表示
  • 方程 f(z)=0f(z) = 0 的其余根用点 QQRR 表示
  • z=9z = -9 用点 SS 表示

(c) 在同一个阿甘图上标出 PPQQRRSS 的位置。

(d) 确定四边形 PQSRPQSR 的周长,结果以最简根式给出。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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因为 z=3z=3 是方程的根,所以 f(3)=0f(3)=0。代入并整理即可自然推出题目给定的 pp 值。

答题过程

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Since z=3z=3 is a root,

f(3)=3313(3)2+59(3)+p=27117+177+p=87+p.\begin{align*} f(3) =&\,3^3-13(3)^2+59(3)+p\\ =&\,27-117+177+p\\ =&\,87+p. \end{align*}

Therefore,

87+p=0p=87.87+p=0 \quad\Longrightarrow\quad \boxed{p=-87}.

(b)

解法一

思路

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承接 (a),先把 p=87p=-87 代回多项式。已知 z=3z=3 是根,所以 z3z-3 是因式;用代数除法得到二次因式,再用二次方程公式求其两个复根。

答题过程

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Using p=87p=-87 from part (a),

f(z)=z313z2+59z87.f(z)=z^3-13z^2+59z-87.

Dividing by the known factor z3z-3 gives

f(z)=(z3)(z210z+29).\begin{align*} f(z) =&\,(z-3)(z^2-10z+29). \end{align*}

Hence the other roots satisfy

z210z+29=0.z^2-10z+29=0.

Using the quadratic formula,

z=10±(10)24(1)(29)2=10±162=5±2i.\begin{align*} z =&\,\frac{10\pm\sqrt{(-10)^2-4(1)(29)}}{2}\\ =&\,\frac{10\pm\sqrt{-16}}{2}\\ =&\,5\pm2\mathrm{i}. \end{align*}

Therefore, the other roots are

z=5+2iandz=52i.\boxed{z=5+2\mathrm{i} \quad\text{and}\quad z=5-2\mathrm{i}}.

(c)

解法一

思路

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在 Argand 图上,横坐标表示实部,纵坐标表示虚部。两个非实根关于实轴对称;PPSS 都位于实轴上。

答题过程

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The four points are

P=(3,0),Q=(5,2),R=(5,2),S=(9,0).\begin{align*} P=&\,(3,0),\\ Q=&\,(5,2),\\ R=&\,(5,-2),\\ S=&\,(-9,0). \end{align*}

The points QQ and RR are vertically aligned and symmetric about the real axis.

(d)

解法一

思路

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四边形关于实轴对称,因此 PQ=PRPQ=PRQS=RSQS=RS。分别用两点间距离公式求一条短边与一条长边,再把它们各取两倍。

答题过程

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By symmetry,

PQ=PRPQ=PR

and

QS=RS.QS=RS.

Now,

PQ=(53)2+(20)2=8=22,\begin{align*} PQ =&\,\sqrt{(5-3)^2+(2-0)^2}\\ =&\,\sqrt8\\ =&\,2\sqrt2, \end{align*}

while

QS=(5(9))2+(20)2=200=102.\begin{align*} QS =&\,\sqrt{(5-(-9))^2+(2-0)^2}\\ =&\,\sqrt{200}\\ =&\,10\sqrt2. \end{align*}

Therefore, the perimeter of PQSRPQSR is

2PQ+2QS=2(22)+2(102)=242.\begin{align*} 2PQ+2QS =&\,2(2\sqrt2)+2(10\sqrt2)\\ =&\,\boxed{24\sqrt2}. \end{align*}