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FP1 2024 May Q5

A Level / Edexcel / FP1

IAL 2024 May Paper · Question 5

题目

Problem

The equation 5x2−4x+2=05x^2 - 4x + 2 = 0 has roots 1p\dfrac{1}{p} and 1q\dfrac{1}{q}

(a) Without solving the equation,

(i) show that pq=52pq = \dfrac{5}{2}

(ii) determine the value of p+qp + q

(4)

(b) Hence, without finding the values of pp and qq, determine a quadratic equation with roots

pp2+1\frac{p}{p^2 + 1}

and

qq2+1\frac{q}{q^2 + 1}

giving your answer in the form ax2+bx+c=0ax^2 + bx + c = 0 where aa, bb and cc are integers.

(5)
题目中文翻译

方程 5x2−4x+2=05x^2 - 4x + 2 = 0 的两个根为 1p\dfrac{1}{p} 和 1q\dfrac{1}{q}。

(a) 在不解方程的情况下:

(i) 证明 pq=52pq = \dfrac{5}{2}

(ii) 确定 p+qp + q 的值

(4)

(b) 由此,在不求出 pp 和 qq 的具体值的情况下,确定一个以

pp2+1\frac{p}{p^2 + 1}

与

qq2+1\frac{q}{q^2 + 1}

为根的二次方程,将答案表示为 ax2+bx+c=0ax^2 + bx + c = 0 的形式,其中 aa、bb、cc 均为整数。

(5)

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

直接对原方程的两个根 1/p1/p、1/q1/q 使用根与系数关系。先由根之积求 pqpq,再把根之和写成 (p+q)/(pq)(p+q)/(pq),并使用前一结果求 p+qp+q。

答题过程

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(i)

Using the product of the roots,

1p×1q=25.\frac1p\times\frac1q=\frac25.

Therefore,

1pq=25⟹pq=52.\frac1{pq}=\frac25 \quad\Longrightarrow\quad \boxed{pq=\frac52}.

(ii)

Using the sum of the roots,

1p+1q=45.\frac1p+\frac1q=\frac45.

Hence, using part (i),

p+qpq= 45p+q= 45(52)= 2.\begin{align*} \frac{p+q}{pq} =&\,\frac45\\ p+q =&\,\frac45\big(\frac52\big)\\ =&\,\boxed{2}. \end{align*}

解法二

思路

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也可以使用变量替换法。令 x=1/ux=1/u 并整理,可得到一个以 p,qp,q 为根的新二次方程,再直接读取其根之和与根之积。

答题过程

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Let

x=1u.x=\frac1u.

Substituting into 5x2−4x+2=05x^2-4x+2=0 gives

5(1u)2−4(1u)+2=0.5\big(\frac1u\big)^2 -4\big(\frac1u\big)+2=0.

Multiplying by u2u^2,

2u2−4u+5=0.2u^2-4u+5=0.

Since its roots are pp and qq, the sum and product of the roots give

p+q=2,pq=52.\boxed{p+q=2, \qquad pq=\frac52}.

(b)

解法一

思路

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设两个新根为 u,vu,v,分别求其和与积。通分后,把所有对称式改写成只含 p+qp+q 与 pqpq 的形式,再使用 (a) 的结果。最后用“x2−x^2- 根之和乘 x+x+ 根之积”建立方程。

答题过程

展开

Let

u=pp2+1,v=qq2+1.\begin{gathered} u=\frac{p}{p^2+1},\\ v=\frac{q}{q^2+1}. \end{gathered}

First,

 (p2+1)(q2+1)= p2q2+p2+q2+1= (pq)2+(p+q)2 −2pq+1= (52)2+22 −2(52)+1= 254.\begin{align*} &\,(p^2+1)(q^2+1)\\ =&\,p^2q^2+p^2+q^2+1\\ =&\,(pq)^2+(p+q)^2\\ &\,\hspace{2pt}-2pq+1\\ =&\,\big(\tfrac52\big)^2+2^2\\ &\,\hspace{2pt}-2\big(\tfrac52\big)+1\\ =&\,\frac{25}{4}. \end{align*}

For the numerator of the sum,

 p(q2+1)+q(p2+1)= pq2+p+p2q+q= pq2+p2q+p+q= pq(p+q)+(p+q)= (p+q)(pq+1).\begin{align*} &\,p(q^2+1)+q(p^2+1)\\ =&\,pq^2+p+p^2q+q\\ =&\,pq^2+p^2q+p+q\\ =&\,pq(p+q)+(p+q)\\ =&\,(p+q)(pq+1). \end{align*}

The sum of the new roots is therefore

 u+v= p(q2+1)+q(p2+1)(p2+1)(q2+1)= pq2+p+p2q+q25/4= pq(p+q)+(p+q)25/4= (p+q)(pq+1)25/4= 2(52+1)25/4= 2825.\begin{align*} &\,u+v\\ =&\,\frac{p(q^2+1)+q(p^2+1)} {(p^2+1)(q^2+1)}\\ =&\,\frac{pq^2+p+p^2q+q}{25/4}\\ =&\,\frac{pq(p+q)+(p+q)}{25/4}\\ =&\,\frac{(p+q)(pq+1)}{25/4}\\ =&\,\frac{2\big(\frac52+1\big)}{25/4}\\ =&\,\frac{28}{25}. \end{align*}

Their product is

uv= pq(p2+1)(q2+1)= 5/225/4= 25.\begin{align*} uv =&\,\frac{pq}{(p^2+1)(q^2+1)}\\ =&\,\frac{5/2}{25/4}\\ =&\,\frac25. \end{align*}

Therefore, the required equation is

x2−2825x+25=0.x^2-\frac{28}{25}x+\frac25=0.

Multiplying by 25 gives

25x2−28x+10=0.\boxed{25x^2-28x+10=0}.