题目
Problem
(a) Prove by induction that for n∈Z+
(10r2)n=(10(2n−1)r2n)
where r is a constant.
(4)
M=(4005)N=(10−22)4
The transformation represented by matrix M followed by the transformation represented by matrix N is represented by the matrix B
(b) (i) Determine N in the form (acbd) where a, b, c and d are integers.
(ii) Determine B
(3)
Hexagon S is transformed onto hexagon S′ by matrix B
(c) Given that the area of S′ is 720 square units, determine the area of S
(2)
题目中文翻译
(a) 用数学归纳法证明,对于所有正整数 n∈Z+,
(10r2)n=(10(2n−1)r2n)
其中 r 为常数。
设
M=(4005)N=(10−22)4
先进行矩阵 M 代表的变换,再进行矩阵 N 代表的变换,其合成变换由矩阵 B 表示。
(b) (i) 将 N 表示为 (acbd) 的形式,其中 a、b、c、d 均为整数。
(ii) 确定 B。
六边形 S 经矩阵 B 变换为六边形 S′。
(c) 已知 S′ 的面积为 720 平方单位,确定 S 的面积。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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先验证 n=1。归纳步骤中,假设公式对 n=k 成立,再用原矩阵左乘其 k 次幂;矩阵乘法后重点整理右上角元素。
答题过程
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Let
A=(10r2).
For n=1,
A=(10r2)=(10(21−1)r21),
so the result is true for n=1.
Assume that the result is true for n=k, where k∈Z+. Thus
Ak=(10(2k−1)r2k).
Then
Ak+1====AAk(10r2)(10(2k−1)r2k)(10(2k−1)r+2kr2k+1)(10(2k+1−1)r2k+1).
Therefore, if the result is true for n=k, it is true for n=k+1. Since it is true for n=1, by mathematical induction,
An=(10(2n−1)r2n)
for all n∈Z+.
(b)
解法一
思路
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(i) 在 (a) 的公式中代入 r=−2、n=4 即可求出 N。(ii) 先做 M 所表示的变换,再做 N 所表示的变换,因此合成矩阵的乘法顺序是 B=NM。
答题过程
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(i)
Using part (a) with r=−2 and n=4,
N===(10−22)4(10(24−1)(−2)24)(10−3016).
(ii)
Since the transformation represented by M is followed by the transformation represented by N,
B===NM(10−3016)(4005)(40−15080).
(c)
解法一
思路
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二维线性变换把面积放大 ∣detB∣ 倍。先求面积比例,再用变换后面积除以该比例。
答题过程
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The area scale factor is
∣detB∣==∣4(80)−0(−150)∣320.
Therefore,
Area(S)===320Area(S′)32072049 square units.