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IAL 2024 May FP1 Q9

A Level / Edexcel / FP1

IAL 2024 May Paper · Question 9

题目

Problem

The rectangular hyperbola HH has equation xy=c2xy = c^2 where cc is a positive constant.

The point P(ct,ct)P\left(ct, \dfrac{c}{t}\right), where t>0t > 0, lies on HH.

(a) Use calculus to show that an equation of the normal to HH at PP is

t3xty=c(t41)t^3x - ty = c(t^4 - 1)

(4)

The parabola CC has equation y2=6xy^2 = 6x

The normal to HH at the point with coordinates (8,2)(8, 2) meets CC at the point QQ where y>0y > 0

(b) Determine the exact coordinates of QQ

(4)

Given that

  • the point RR is the focus of CC
  • the line ll is the directrix of CC
  • the line through QQ and RR meets ll at the point SS

(c) determine the exact length of QSQS

(5)
题目中文翻译

等轴双曲线 HH 的方程为 xy=c2xy = c^2,其中 cc 为正常数。

P(ct,ct)P\left(ct, \dfrac{c}{t}\right)(其中 t>0t > 0)位于 HH 上。

(a) 利用微积分学证明,双曲线 HH 在点 PP 处的法线方程为 t3xty=c(t41)t^3x - ty = c(t^4 - 1)

抛物线 CC 的方程为 y2=6xy^2 = 6x

双曲线 HH 在点 (8,2)(8, 2) 处的法线与抛物线 CC 相交于点 QQ(其中 y>0y > 0)。

(b) 确定点 QQ 的精确坐标。

已知:

  • RR 是抛物线 CC 的焦点
  • 直线 ll 是抛物线 CC 的准线
  • QQRR 的直线与 ll 相交于点 SS

(c) 确定 QSQS 的精确长度。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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由双曲线方程把 yy 写成 xx 的函数并求导。先求点 PP 处的切线斜率,再利用法线斜率是其负倒数,最后把点 PP 代入点斜式并整理成题目指定的形式。

答题过程

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Since xy=c2xy=c^2,

y=c2x1.y=c^2x^{-1}.

Hence

dydx=c2x2=c2x2.\frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x} =-c^2x^{-2} =-\frac{c^2}{x^2}.

At P(ct,ct)P\left(ct,\frac ct\right), the gradient of the tangent is

mT=c2(ct)2=1t2.m_{\mathrm T} =-\frac{c^2}{(ct)^2} =-\frac1{t^2}.

Therefore, the gradient of the normal is

mN=t2.m_{\mathrm N}=t^2.

Using the point-gradient form,

yct=t2(xct).y-\frac ct=t^2(x-ct).

Multiplying by tt and rearranging gives

tyc=t3xct4t3xty=ct4c=c(t41).\begin{align*} ty-c =&\,t^3x-ct^4\\ t^3x-ty =&\,ct^4-c\\ =&\,\boxed{c(t^4-1)}. \end{align*}

Thus an equation of the normal is

t3xty=c(t41).\boxed{t^3x-ty=c(t^4-1)}.

(b)

解法一

思路

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先由点 (8,2)(8,2) 在双曲线上求出 cctt,再代入 (a) 的法线方程。把所得直线与抛物线联立,并用 y>0y>0 排除另一个交点。

答题过程

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Since (8,2)(8,2) lies on xy=c2xy=c^2 and c>0c>0,

c2=8×2=16c=4.c^2=8\times2=16 \quad\Longrightarrow\quad c=4.

Also, ct=8ct=8, so

t=2.t=2.

Substituting c=4c=4 and t=2t=2 into the normal from part (a),

8x2y=4(161),8x-2y=4(16-1),

so

y=4x30.y=4x-30.

On the parabola, x=y26x=\frac{y^2}{6}. Therefore,

y=4(y26)302y23y90=0(2y15)(y+6)=0.\begin{align*} y =&\,4\left(\frac{y^2}{6}\right)-30\\ 2y^2-3y-90 =&\,0\\ (2y-15)(y+6) =&\,0. \end{align*}

Since y>0y>0,

y=152.y=\frac{15}{2}.

Thus

x=16(152)2=758.x=\frac16\left(\frac{15}{2}\right)^2 =\frac{75}{8}.

Hence

Q(758,152).\boxed{Q\left(\frac{75}{8},\frac{15}{2}\right)}.

解法二

思路

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官方评分资料也接受抛物线参数方程。将 y2=6xy^2=6x 写成 y2=4axy^2=4ax,用参数点 (au2,2au)(au^2,2au) 表示 QQ,再代入法线方程求参数。

答题过程

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For y2=6xy^2=6x, we have 4a=64a=6, so a=32a=\frac32. A parametric point on the parabola is therefore

Q(32u2,3u).Q\left(\frac32u^2,3u\right).

As above, c=4c=4, t=2t=2, and the normal is

8x2y=60.8x-2y=60.

Substituting the parametric coordinates gives

8(32u2)2(3u)=602u2u10=0(2u5)(u+2)=0.\begin{align*} 8\left(\frac32u^2\right)-2(3u) =&\,60\\ 2u^2-u-10 =&\,0\\ (2u-5)(u+2) =&\,0. \end{align*}

Since y=3u>0y=3u>0, we require u>0u>0, so u=52u=\frac52. Hence

x=32(52)2=758,y=3(52)=152.\begin{align*} x =&\,\frac32\left(\frac52\right)^2 =\frac{75}{8},\\ y =&\,3\left(\frac52\right) =\frac{15}{2}. \end{align*}

Therefore,

Q(758,152).\boxed{Q\left(\frac{75}{8},\frac{15}{2}\right)}.

(c)

解法一

思路

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y2=4axy^2=4ax 求焦点与准线。先建立直线 QRQR,求它与准线的交点 SS,再用两点间距离公式求 QSQS

答题过程

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For y2=4axy^2=4ax with a=32a=\frac32, the focus and directrix are

R(32,0)andl:x=32.R\left(\frac32,0\right) \qquad\text{and}\qquad l:x=-\frac32.

The gradient of QRQR is

mQR=152075832=2021.\begin{align*} m_{QR} =&\,\frac{\frac{15}{2}-0} {\frac{75}{8}-\frac32}\\ =&\,\frac{20}{21}. \end{align*}

Hence the equation of QRQR is

y=2021(x32).y=\frac{20}{21}\left(x-\frac32\right).

At SS, x=32x=-\frac32, so

y=2021(3232)=207.y=\frac{20}{21}\left(-\frac32-\frac32\right) =-\frac{20}{7}.

Thus

S(32,207).S\left(-\frac32,-\frac{20}{7}\right).

Using the distance formula,

QS=(758+32)2+(152+207)2=(878)2+(14514)2=7072813136=84156.\begin{align*} QS =&\,\sqrt{ \left(\frac{75}{8}+\frac32\right)^2 +\left(\frac{15}{2}+\frac{20}{7}\right)^2}\\ =&\,\sqrt{ \left(\frac{87}{8}\right)^2 +\left(\frac{145}{14}\right)^2}\\ =&\,\sqrt{\frac{707281}{3136}}\\ =&\,\boxed{\frac{841}{56}}. \end{align*}

解法二

思路

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利用抛物线定义:焦点到抛物线上一点的距离,等于该点到准线的垂直距离,因此可直接求出 QRQR。又因为 Q,R,SQ,R,S 共线且 RR 位于 QQSS 之间,所以 QS=QR+RSQS=QR+RS

答题过程

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Since QQ lies on the parabola, its distance from the focus equals its perpendicular distance from the directrix. Therefore,

QR=758(32)=878.QR=\frac{75}{8}-\left(-\frac32\right) =\frac{87}{8}.

From the equation of QRQR found above,

S(32,207).S\left(-\frac32,-\frac{20}{7}\right).

Hence

RS=(32+32)2+(0+207)2=9+40049=297.\begin{align*} RS =&\,\sqrt{ \left(\frac32+\frac32\right)^2 +\left(0+\frac{20}{7}\right)^2}\\ =&\,\sqrt{9+\frac{400}{49}}\\ =&\,\frac{29}{7}. \end{align*}

Since QQ, RR and SS are collinear, with RR between QQ and SS,

QS=QR+RS=878+297=84156.\begin{align*} QS =&\,QR+RS\\ =&\,\frac{87}{8}+\frac{29}{7}\\ =&\,\boxed{\frac{841}{56}}. \end{align*}