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FP1 2024 May Q9

A Level / Edexcel / FP1

IAL 2024 May Paper · Question 9

题目

Problem

The rectangular hyperbola HH has equation xy=c2xy = c^2 where cc is a positive constant.

The point P(ct,ct)P\Big(ct, \dfrac{c}{t}\Big), where t>0t > 0, lies on HH.

(a) Use calculus to show that an equation of the normal to HH at PP is

t3x−ty=c(t4−1)t^3x - ty = c(t^4 - 1)
(4)

The parabola CC has equation y2=6xy^2 = 6x

The normal to HH at the point with coordinates (8,2)(8, 2) meets CC at the point QQ where y>0y > 0

(b) Determine the exact coordinates of QQ

(4)

Given that

  • the point RR is the focus of CC
  • the line ll is the directrix of CC
  • the line through QQ and RR meets ll at the point SS

(c) determine the exact length of QSQS

(5)
题目中文翻译

等轴双曲线 HH 的方程为 xy=c2xy = c^2,其中 cc 为正常数。

点 P(ct,ct)P\Big(ct, \dfrac{c}{t}\Big)(其中 t>0t > 0)位于 HH 上。

(a) 利用微积分学证明,双曲线 HH 在点 PP 处的法线方程为

t3x−ty=c(t4−1)t^3x - ty = c(t^4 - 1)
(4)

抛物线 CC 的方程为 y2=6xy^2 = 6x。

双曲线 HH 在点 (8,2)(8, 2) 处的法线与抛物线 CC 相交于点 QQ(其中 y>0y > 0)。

(b) 确定点 QQ 的精确坐标。

(4)

已知:

  • 点 RR 是抛物线 CC 的焦点
  • 直线 ll 是抛物线 CC 的准线
  • 过 QQ 和 RR 的直线与 ll 相交于点 SS

(c) 确定 QSQS 的精确长度。

(5)

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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由双曲线方程把 yy 写成 xx 的函数并求导。先求点 PP 处的切线斜率,再利用法线斜率是其负倒数,最后把点 PP 代入点斜式并整理成题目指定的形式。

答题过程

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Since xy=c2xy=c^2,

y=c2x−1.y=c^2x^{-1}.

Hence

dydx=−c2x−2=−c2x2.\frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x} =-c^2x^{-2} =-\frac{c^2}{x^2}.

At P(ct,ct)P\big(ct,\frac ct\big), the gradient of the tangent is

mT=−c2(ct)2=−1t2.m_{\mathrm T} =-\frac{c^2}{(ct)^2} =-\frac1{t^2}.

Therefore, the gradient of the normal is

mN=t2.m_{\mathrm N}=t^2.

Using the point-gradient form,

y−ct=t2(x−ct).y-\frac ct=t^2(x-ct).

Multiplying by tt and rearranging gives

ty−c= t3x−ct4t3x−ty= ct4−c= c(t4−1).\begin{align*} ty-c =&\,t^3x-ct^4\\ t^3x-ty =&\,ct^4-c\\ =&\,\boxed{c(t^4-1)}. \end{align*}

Thus an equation of the normal is

t3x−ty=c(t4−1).\boxed{t^3x-ty=c(t^4-1)}.

(b)

解法一

思路

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先由点 (8,2)(8,2) 在双曲线上求出 cc 与 tt,再代入 (a) 的法线方程。把所得直线与抛物线联立,并用 y>0y>0 排除另一个交点。

答题过程

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Since (8,2)(8,2) lies on xy=c2xy=c^2 and c>0c>0,

c2= 8×2= 16,c= 4.\begin{align*} c^2=&\,8\times2\\ =&\,16,\\ c=&\,4. \end{align*}

Also, ct=8ct=8, so

t=2.t=2.

Substituting c=4c=4 and t=2t=2 into the normal from part (a),

8x−2y=4(16−1),8x-2y=4(16-1),

so

y=4x−30.y=4x-30.

On the parabola, x=y26x=\frac{y^2}{6}. Therefore,

 y= 4(y26)−30 2y2−3y−90=0 (2y−15)(y+6)=0.\begin{align*} &\,y\\ =&\,4\big(\frac{y^2}{6}\big)-30\\ &\,2y^2-3y-90=0\\ &\,(2y-15)(y+6)=0. \end{align*}

Since y>0y>0,

y=152.y=\frac{15}{2}.

Thus

x=16(152)2=758.x=\frac16\big(\frac{15}{2}\big)^2 =\frac{75}{8}.

Hence

Q(758,152).\boxed{Q\big(\frac{75}{8},\frac{15}{2}\big)}.

解法二

思路

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也可以使用抛物线参数方程。将 y2=6xy^2=6x 写成 y2=4axy^2=4ax,用参数点 (au2,2au)(au^2,2au) 表示 QQ,再代入法线方程求参数。

答题过程

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For y2=6xy^2=6x, we have 4a=64a=6, so a=32a=\frac32. A parametric point on the parabola is therefore

Q(32u2,3u).Q\big(\frac32u^2,3u\big).

As above, c=4c=4, t=2t=2, and the normal is

8x−2y=60.8x-2y=60.

Substituting the parametric coordinates gives

8(32u2)−2(3u)= 602u2−u−10= 0(2u−5)(u+2)= 0.\begin{align*} 8\big(\frac32u^2\big)-2(3u) =&\,60\\ 2u^2-u-10 =&\,0\\ (2u-5)(u+2) =&\,0. \end{align*}

Since y=3u>0y=3u>0, we require u>0u>0, so u=52u=\frac52. Hence

x= 32(52)2=758,y= 3(52)=152.\begin{align*} x =&\,\frac32\big(\frac52\big)^2 =\frac{75}{8},\\ y =&\,3\big(\frac52\big) =\frac{15}{2}. \end{align*}

Therefore,

Q(758,152).\boxed{Q\big(\frac{75}{8},\frac{15}{2}\big)}.

(c)

解法一

思路

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由 y2=4axy^2=4ax 求焦点与准线。先建立直线 QRQR,求它与准线的交点 SS,再用两点间距离公式求 QSQS。

答题过程

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For y2=4axy^2=4ax with a=32a=\frac32, the focus and directrix are

R(32,0),l:x=−32.\begin{gathered} R\big(\tfrac32,0\big),\\ l:x=-\frac32. \end{gathered}

The gradient of QRQR is

mQR= 152−0758−32= 15/2(75−12)/8= 152×863= 120126= 2021.\begin{align*} m_{QR} =&\,\frac{\frac{15}{2}-0} {\frac{75}{8}-\frac32}\\ =&\,\frac{15/2}{(75-12)/8}\\ =&\,\frac{15}{2}\times\frac8{63}\\ =&\,\frac{120}{126}\\ =&\,\frac{20}{21}. \end{align*}

Hence the equation of QRQR is

y=2021(x−32).y=\frac{20}{21}\big(x-\frac32\big).

At SS, x=−32x=-\frac32, so

y=2021(−32−32)=−207.y=\frac{20}{21}\big(-\frac32-\frac32\big) =-\frac{20}{7}.

Thus

S(−32,−207).S\big(-\frac32,-\frac{20}{7}\big).

For the coordinate differences from SS to QQ, write

dx= 758−(−32)= 758+32= 75+128= 878,dy= 152−(−207)= 152+207= 105+4014= 14514.\begin{align*} d_x =&\,\frac{75}{8}-\big(-\tfrac32\big)\\ =&\,\frac{75}{8}+\frac32\\ =&\,\frac{75+12}{8}\\ =&\,\frac{87}{8},\\ d_y =&\,\frac{15}{2}-\big(-\tfrac{20}{7}\big)\\ =&\,\frac{15}{2}+\frac{20}{7}\\ =&\,\frac{105+40}{14}\\ =&\,\frac{145}{14}. \end{align*}

The sum of their squares is

L= (878)2+(14514)2= 756964+21025196= 7569×493136 +21025×163136= 370881+3364003136= 7072813136.\begin{align*} L =&\,\big(\tfrac{87}{8}\big)^2+\big(\tfrac{145}{14}\big)^2\\ =&\,\frac{7569}{64}+\frac{21025}{196}\\ =&\,\frac{7569\times49}{3136}\\ &\,\hspace{2pt}+\frac{21025\times16}{3136}\\ =&\,\frac{370881+336400}{3136}\\ =&\,\frac{707281}{3136}. \end{align*}

Using the distance formula,

QS= dx2+dy2= L= 7072813136= 84156.\begin{align*} QS =&\,\sqrt{d_x^2+d_y^2}\\ =&\,\sqrt L\\ =&\,\sqrt{\frac{707281}{3136}}\\ =&\,\boxed{\frac{841}{56}}. \end{align*}

解法二

思路

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利用抛物线定义:焦点到抛物线上一点的距离,等于该点到准线的垂直距离,因此可直接求出 QRQR。又因为 Q,R,SQ,R,S 共线且 RR 位于 QQ 与 SS 之间,所以 QS=QR+RSQS=QR+RS。

答题过程

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Since QQ lies on the parabola, its distance from the focus equals its perpendicular distance from the directrix. Therefore,

QR=758−(−32)=878.QR=\frac{75}{8}-\big(-\frac32\big) =\frac{87}{8}.

From the equation of QRQR found above,

S(−32,−207).S\big(-\frac32,-\frac{20}{7}\big).

The coordinate differences from SS to RR are

32+32=3,0+207=207.\begin{gathered} \frac32+\frac32=3,\\ 0+\frac{20}{7}=\frac{20}{7}. \end{gathered}

Hence

RS= 32+(207)2= 9+40049= 441+40049= 84149= 297.\begin{align*} RS =&\,\sqrt{3^2+\big(\tfrac{20}{7}\big)^2}\\ =&\,\sqrt{9+\frac{400}{49}}\\ =&\,\sqrt{\frac{441+400}{49}}\\ =&\,\sqrt{\frac{841}{49}}\\ =&\,\frac{29}{7}. \end{align*}

Since QQ, RR and SS are collinear, with RR between QQ and SS,

QS= QR+RS= 878+297= 84156.\begin{align*} QS =&\,QR+RS\\ =&\,\frac{87}{8}+\frac{29}{7}\\ =&\,\boxed{\frac{841}{56}}. \end{align*}