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IAL 2025 Jan FP1 Q4

A Level / Edexcel / FP1

IAL 2025 Jan Paper · Question 4

题目

Problem

f(z)=6z3+Az2+Bz+Cf(z) = 6z^3 + Az^2 + Bz + C

where A,BA, B and CC are integers.

Given that z=23+173iz = \frac{2}{3} + \frac{\sqrt{17}}{3}\mathrm{i} is a root of the equation f(z)=0f(z) = 0

(a) write down the other complex root of the equation f(z)=0f(z) = 0

(1)

Given that z=32z = -\frac{3}{2} is also a root of the equation f(z)=0f(z) = 0

(b) determine the value of AA, the value of BB and the value of CC.

(5)

(c) Show all the roots of the equation f(z)=0f(z) = 0 on a single Argand diagram.

(2)
题目中文翻译

已知多项式 f(z)=6z3+Az2+Bz+Cf(z) = 6z^3 + Az^2 + Bz + C

其中 A,B,CA, B, C 均为整数。

已知 z=23+173iz = \frac{2}{3} + \frac{\sqrt{17}}{3}\mathrm{i} 是方程 f(z)=0f(z) = 0 的一个根。

(a) 写出方程 f(z)=0f(z) = 0 的另一个复数根。

已知 z=32z = -\frac{3}{2} 也是方程 f(z)=0f(z) = 0 的一个根。

(b) 确定 AA 的值、BB 的值以及 CC 的值。

(c) 在同一个阿甘图(Argand diagram)上表示出方程 f(z)=0f(z) = 0 的所有根。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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多项式的系数都是整数,因此是实系数多项式。非实复根必成共轭对,所以把已知根的虚部变号即可。

答题过程

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Since ff has real coefficients, non-real roots occur in conjugate pairs. Therefore, the other complex root is

z=23173i.\boxed{z=\frac23-\frac{\sqrt{17}}{3}\mathrm{i}}.

(b)

解法一

思路

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先把共轭根对应的两个一次因式相乘,得到实系数二次因式;再乘以实根对应的因式。由于原多项式首项系数为 6,最后将三个首一因式的乘积乘以 6,并比较系数。

答题过程

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The conjugate pair gives the quadratic factor

(z23173i)(z23+173i)=(z23)2+179=z243z+73.\begin{align*} &\,\left(z-\frac23-\frac{\sqrt{17}}{3}\mathrm{i}\right) \left(z-\frac23+\frac{\sqrt{17}}{3}\mathrm{i}\right)\\ =&\,\left(z-\frac23\right)^2+\frac{17}{9}\\ =&\,z^2-\frac43z+\frac73. \end{align*}

The third root is 32-\frac32, so, using the leading coefficient 66,

f(z)=6(z+32)(z243z+73)=6(z3+16z2+13z+72)=6z3+z2+2z+21.\begin{align*} f(z) =&\,6\left(z+\frac32\right) \left(z^2-\frac43z+\frac73\right)\\ =&\,6\left(z^3+\frac16z^2 +\frac13z+\frac72\right)\\ =&\,6z^3+z^2+2z+21. \end{align*}

Comparing coefficients with

f(z)=6z3+Az2+Bz+C,f(z)=6z^3+Az^2+Bz+C,

we obtain

A=1,B=2,C=21.\boxed{A=1,\quad B=2,\quad C=21}.

解法二

思路

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官方评分资料也接受使用三次方程的根与系数关系。分别计算三根之和、两两乘积之和与三根之积,再与 A6-\frac A6B6\frac B6C6-\frac C6 比较。

答题过程

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Let the roots be

α=23+173i,β=23173i,γ=32.\alpha=\frac23+\frac{\sqrt{17}}{3}\mathrm{i}, \qquad \beta=\frac23-\frac{\sqrt{17}}{3}\mathrm{i}, \qquad \gamma=-\frac32.

Their sum is

α+β+γ=4332=16.\alpha+\beta+\gamma =\frac43-\frac32 =-\frac16.

Since the sum of the roots is A6-\frac A6,

A6=16A=1.-\frac A6=-\frac16 \quad\Longrightarrow\quad A=1.

Also,

αβ=(23)2+(173)2=73.\alpha\beta =\left(\frac23\right)^2 +\left(\frac{\sqrt{17}}{3}\right)^2 =\frac73.

Hence the pairwise product sum is

αβ+αγ+βγ=αβ+γ(α+β)=7332(43)=13.\begin{align*} \alpha\beta+\alpha\gamma+\beta\gamma =&\,\alpha\beta+\gamma(\alpha+\beta)\\ =&\,\frac73-\frac32\left(\frac43\right)\\ =&\,\frac13. \end{align*}

Since this equals B6\frac B6,

B6=13B=2.\frac B6=\frac13 \quad\Longrightarrow\quad B=2.

Finally,

αβγ=73(32)=72.\alpha\beta\gamma =\frac73\left(-\frac32\right) =-\frac72.

Since the product of the roots is C6-\frac C6,

C6=72C=21.-\frac C6=-\frac72 \quad\Longrightarrow\quad C=21.

Therefore,

A=1,B=2,C=21.\boxed{A=1,\quad B=2,\quad C=21}.

(c)

解法一

思路

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在同一 Argand 图上标出三个根:实根 32-\frac32 位于负实轴;共轭根的实部同为 23\frac23,虚部分别为正、负,因此它们在第一、第四象限并关于实轴对称。

答题过程

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The roots are represented by the points

(32,0),(23,173),(23,173).\left(-\frac32,0\right), \qquad \left(\frac23,\frac{\sqrt{17}}3\right), \qquad \left(\frac23,-\frac{\sqrt{17}}3\right).

The conjugate pair must be vertically aligned and symmetric about the real axis.