题目
Problem
The rectangular hyperbola H has equation xy=100
The point P(10t,t10), where t=0, lies on H.
(a) Use calculus to show that the normal to H at P has equation
t3x−ty=10(t4−1)
(4)
The normal to H at P meets the y-axis at the point Q.
Given that the area of triangle OPQ, where O is the origin, is 750
(b) determine both possible pairs of coordinates of the point P.
(5)
题目中文翻译
等轴双曲线 H 的方程为 xy=100。
点 P(10t,t10)(其中 t=0)位于双曲线 H 上。
(a) 利用微积分学证明,双曲线 H 在点 P 处的法线方程为
t3x−ty=10(t4−1)
(b) 已知在点 P 处的法线与 y 轴交于点 Q。
若以原点 O、点 P 和点 Q 为顶点的三角形 OPQ 的面积为 750,确定点 P 的两组所有可能的坐标。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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对 xy=100 作隐式求导,求出点 P 处的切线斜率;法线斜率是其负倒数。然后用点斜式并整理成题目要求的形式。
答题过程
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Differentiating xy=100 implicitly with respect to x,
xdxdy+y=0.
Hence
dxdy=−xy.
At P(10t,t10), the gradient of the tangent is
mtangent=−10t10/t=−t21.
Therefore, the gradient of the normal is t2. Its equation is
y−t10=ty−10=t3x−ty=t2(x−10t)t3x−10t410(t4−1),
as required.
(b)
解法一
思路
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先令 x=0 求法线的 y 轴截距 Q。以竖直线段 OQ 为底,点 P 到 y 轴的水平距离为高;因为面积和长度必须非负,列式时要保留绝对值。解出所有实数 t 后,再代回点 P 的参数坐标并正确配对。
答题过程
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At Q, x=0. Substituting into the normal equation gives
−ty=10(t4−1).
Since t=0,
Q=(0,−t10(t4−1)).
Taking OQ as the base, the perpendicular height from P to the y-axis is ∣10t∣. Hence
750==21−t10(t4−1)∣10t∣50∣t4−1∣.
Therefore,
∣t4−1∣=15.
Thus
t4−1=15ort4−1=−15.
The first equation gives t4=16, so the real solutions are t=±2. The second gives t4=−14, which has no real solutions.
Using
P=(10t,t10),
we obtain
P=(20,5)orP=(−20,−5).