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FP1 2025 Jan Q6

A Level / Edexcel / FP1

IAL 2025 Jan Paper · Question 6

题目

Problem

The rectangular hyperbola HH has equation xy=100xy = 100

The point P(10t,10t)P\left(10t, \frac{10}{t}\right), where t≠0t \neq 0, lies on HH.

(a) Use calculus to show that the normal to HH at PP has equation

 t3x−ty= 10(t4−1)\begin{align*} &\,t^3x-ty\\ =&\,10(t^4-1) \end{align*}
(4)

The normal to HH at PP meets the yy-axis at the point QQ.

Given that the area of triangle OPQOPQ, where OO is the origin, is 750750

(b) determine both possible pairs of coordinates of the point PP.

(5)
题目中文翻译

等轴双曲线 HH 的方程为 xy=100xy=100。

点 P(10t,10t)P\big(10t,\frac{10}{t}\big)(其中 t≠0t\neq0)位于 HH 上。

(a) 利用微积分证明,HH 在 PP 处的法线方程为

 t3x−ty= 10(t4−1)\begin{align*} &\,t^3x-ty\\ =&\,10(t^4-1) \end{align*}
(4)

HH 在 PP 处的法线与 yy 轴相交于点 QQ。

已知三角形 OPQOPQ 的面积为 750750,其中 OO 为原点,

(b) 确定点 PP 的两组可能坐标。

(5)

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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对 xy=100xy=100 作隐式求导,求出点 PP 处的切线斜率;法线斜率是其负倒数。然后用点斜式并整理成题目要求的形式。

答题过程

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Differentiating xy=100xy=100 implicitly with respect to xx,

xdydx+y=0.x\frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x}+y=0.

Hence

dydx=−yx.\frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x}=-\frac yx.

At P(10t,10t)P\big(10t,\frac{10}{t}\big), the gradient of the tangent is

mtangent=−10/t10t=−1t2.m_{\mathrm{tangent}} =-\frac{10/t}{10t} =-\frac1{t^2}.

Therefore, the gradient of the normal is t2t^2. Its equation is

y−10t= t2(x−10t)ty−10= t3x−10t4t3x−ty= 10(t4−1),\begin{align*} y-\frac{10}{t} =&\,t^2(x-10t)\\ ty-10 =&\,t^3x-10t^4\\ t^3x-ty =&\,10(t^4-1), \end{align*}

as required.

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

先令 x=0x=0 求法线的 yy 轴截距 QQ。以竖直线段 OQOQ 为底,点 PP 到 yy 轴的水平距离为高;因为面积和长度必须非负,列式时要保留绝对值。解出所有实数 tt 后,再代回点 PP 的参数坐标并正确配对。

答题过程

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At QQ, x=0x=0. Substituting into the normal equation gives

−ty=10(t4−1).-ty=10(t^4-1).

Since t≠0t\ne0,

Q=(0,−10(t4−1)t).Q=\big(0,-\frac{10(t^4-1)}{t}\big).

Taking OQOQ as the base, the perpendicular height from PP to the yy-axis is ∣10t∣|10t|. Hence

750= 12∣−10(t4−1)t∣∣10t∣= 50∣t4−1∣.\begin{align*} 750 =&\,\frac12 \left|-\frac{10(t^4-1)}{t}\right| |10t|\\ =&\,50|t^4-1|. \end{align*}

Therefore,

∣t4−1∣=15.|t^4-1|=15.

Thus

t4−1=15ort4−1=−15.\begin{gathered} t^4-1=15\\ \text{or}\quad t^4-1=-15. \end{gathered}

The first equation gives t4=16t^4=16, so the real solutions are t=±2t=\pm2. The second gives t4=−14t^4=-14, which has no real solutions.

Using

P=(10t,10t),P=\big(10t,\frac{10}{t}\big),

for t=2t=2 we obtain

x=10(2)=20,y=102=5.\begin{gathered} x=10(2)=20,\\ y=\frac{10}{2}=5. \end{gathered}

For t=−2t=-2,

x=10(−2)=−20,y=10−2=−5.\begin{gathered} x=10(-2)=-20,\\ y=\frac{10}{-2}=-5. \end{gathered}

Hence the two possible positions are

P=(20,5)orP=(−20,−5).\begin{gathered} \boxed{P=(20,5)}\\ \text{or}\quad\boxed{P=(-20,-5)}. \end{gathered}