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IAL 2025 Jan FP1 Q9

A Level / Edexcel / FP1

IAL 2025 Jan Paper · Question 9

题目

Problem

The parabola CC has equation y2=12xy^2 = \dfrac{1}{2}x

The point P(t28,t4)P\left(\dfrac{t^2}{8}, \dfrac{t}{4}\right), where t0t \neq 0, lies on CC.

(a) Use calculus to show that the tangent to CC at PP has equation

8yt8x=t28yt - 8x = t^2

(3)

Given that

  • the tangent to CC at PP meets the yy-axis at the point AA
  • the line l1l_1 is the perpendicular bisector of the line segment OAOA where OO is the origin
  • the line l2l_2 is the perpendicular bisector of the line segment APAP
  • l1l_1 and l2l_2 intersect at the point QQ

(b) show that, as tt varies, the coordinates of QQ satisfy the equation

y2=αx+βy^2 = \alpha x + \beta

where α\alpha and β\beta are constants to be determined.

(5)
题目中文翻译

抛物线 CC 的方程为 y2=12xy^2 = \dfrac{1}{2}x。 点 P(t28,t4)P\left(\dfrac{t^2}{8}, \dfrac{t}{4}\right)(其中 t0t \neq 0)位于 CC 上。

(a) 利用微积分学证明,抛物线 CC 在点 PP 处的切线方程为 8yt8x=t28yt - 8x = t^2

已知:

  • 在点 PP 处的切线与 yy 轴相交于点 AA
  • 直线 l1l_1 是线段 OAOA 的垂直平分线,其中 OO 为原点
  • 直线 l2l_2 是线段 APAP 的垂直平分线
  • l1l_1l2l_2 相交于点 QQ

(b) 证明:当 tt 变化时,点 QQ 的坐标满足方程 y2=αx+βy^2 = \alpha x + \beta 其中 α\alphaβ\beta 为待求的常数。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

对抛物线方程作隐式求导,得到切线斜率;再代入点 PP 的纵坐标,把斜率化为 1t\frac1t。最后用点斜式并整理到题目指定的形式。

答题过程

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Differentiating

y2=12xy^2=\frac12x

implicitly with respect to xx gives

2ydydx=12.2y\frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x}=\frac12.

Hence

dydx=14y.\frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x}=\frac1{4y}.

At P(t28,t4)P\left(\frac{t^2}{8},\frac t4\right),

dydx=14(t/4)=1t.\frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x} =\frac1{4(t/4)} =\frac1t.

Therefore, the tangent at PP is

yt4=1t(xt28)8ty2t2=8xt28ty8x=t2,\begin{align*} y-\frac t4 =&\,\frac1t\left(x-\frac{t^2}{8}\right)\\ 8ty-2t^2 =&\,8x-t^2\\ 8ty-8x =&\,t^2, \end{align*}

as required.

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

先由切线的 yy 轴截距求出 AA。由于 OAOA 是竖直线段,其垂直平分线 l1l_1 是水平线,可立即得到 QQ 的纵坐标。再求 APAP 的中点和斜率,写出其垂直平分线 l2l_2;联立 l1,l2l_1,l_2 得到 QQ 的参数坐标,最后用 t=16yt=16y 消去参数。

答题过程

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At the yy-axis, x=0x=0. From the tangent equation,

8ty=t2.8ty=t^2.

Since t0t\ne0,

A=(0,t8).A=\left(0,\frac t8\right).

The midpoint of OAOA is (0,t16)\left(0,\frac t{16}\right). Since OAOA is vertical, its perpendicular bisector l1l_1 is

y=t16.y=\frac t{16}.

Thus, for the point QQ,

yQ=t16.y_Q=\frac t{16}.

The midpoint of APAP is

M=(0+t2/82,t/8+t/42)=(t216,3t16).\begin{align*} M =&\,\left( \frac{0+t^2/8}{2}, \frac{t/8+t/4}{2} \right)\\ =&\,\left(\frac{t^2}{16},\frac{3t}{16}\right). \end{align*}

Also, the gradient of APAP is

t/4t/8t2/80=1t.\frac{t/4-t/8}{t^2/8-0}=\frac1t.

Therefore, the gradient of its perpendicular bisector l2l_2 is t-t, so

y3t16=t(xt216).y-\frac{3t}{16} =-t\left(x-\frac{t^2}{16}\right).

At QQ, substitute y=t16y=\frac t{16}:

t163t16=t(xt216)18=x+t216x=t2+216.\begin{align*} \frac t{16}-\frac{3t}{16} =&\,-t\left(x-\frac{t^2}{16}\right)\\ -\frac18 =&\,-x+\frac{t^2}{16}\\ x =&\,\frac{t^2+2}{16}. \end{align*}

Since y=t16y=\frac t{16}, we have t=16yt=16y. Hence

x=(16y)2+216=16y2+18.\begin{align*} x =&\,\frac{(16y)^2+2}{16}\\ =&\,16y^2+\frac18. \end{align*}

Therefore,

y2=116x1128,\boxed{y^2=\frac1{16}x-\frac1{128}},

so

α=116,β=1128.\boxed{\alpha=\frac1{16},\quad\beta=-\frac1{128}}.