题目
Problem
The parabola C has equation y2=21x
The point P(8t2,4t), where t=0, lies on C.
(a) Use calculus to show that the tangent to C at P has equation
8yt−8x=t2
(3)
Given that
- the tangent to C at P meets the y-axis at the point A
- the line l1 is the perpendicular bisector of the line segment OA where O is the origin
- the line l2 is the perpendicular bisector of the line segment AP
- l1 and l2 intersect at the point Q
(b) show that, as t varies, the coordinates of Q satisfy the equation
y2=αx+β
where α and β are constants to be determined.
(5)
题目中文翻译
抛物线 C 的方程为 y2=21x。
点 P(8t2,4t)(其中 t=0)位于 C 上。
(a) 利用微积分学证明,抛物线 C 在点 P 处的切线方程为
8yt−8x=t2
已知:
- 在点 P 处的切线与 y 轴相交于点 A
- 直线 l1 是线段 OA 的垂直平分线,其中 O 为原点
- 直线 l2 是线段 AP 的垂直平分线
- l1 与 l2 相交于点 Q
(b) 证明:当 t 变化时,点 Q 的坐标满足方程
y2=αx+β
其中 α 和 β 为待求的常数。
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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对抛物线方程作隐式求导,得到切线斜率;再代入点 P 的纵坐标,把斜率化为 t1。最后用点斜式并整理到题目指定的形式。
答题过程
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Differentiating
y2=21x
implicitly with respect to x gives
2ydxdy=21.
Hence
dxdy=4y1.
At P(8t2,4t),
dxdy=4(t/4)1=t1.
Therefore, the tangent at P is
y−4t=8ty−2t2=8ty−8x=t1(x−8t2)8x−t2t2,
as required.
(b)
解法一
思路
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先由切线的 y 轴截距求出 A。由于 OA 是竖直线段,其垂直平分线 l1 是水平线,可立即得到 Q 的纵坐标。再求 AP 的中点和斜率,写出其垂直平分线 l2;联立 l1,l2 得到 Q 的参数坐标,最后用 t=16y 消去参数。
答题过程
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At the y-axis, x=0. From the tangent equation,
8ty=t2.
Since t=0,
A=(0,8t).
The midpoint of OA is (0,16t). Since OA is vertical, its perpendicular bisector l1 is
y=16t.
Thus, for the point Q,
yQ=16t.
The midpoint of AP is
M==(20+t2/8,2t/8+t/4)(16t2,163t).
Also, the gradient of AP is
t2/8−0t/4−t/8=t1.
Therefore, the gradient of its perpendicular bisector l2 is −t, so
y−163t=−t(x−16t2).
At Q, substitute y=16t:
16t−163t=−81=x=−t(x−16t2)−x+16t216t2+2.
Since y=16t, we have t=16y. Hence
x==16(16y)2+216y2+81.
Therefore,
y2=161x−1281,
so
α=161,β=−1281.