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FP1 2025 May Q4

A Level / Edexcel / FP1

IAL 2025 May Paper · Question 4

题目

Problem

The rectangular hyperbola CC has equation xy=81xy = 81

The point P(9t,9t)P\left(9t, \dfrac{9}{t}\right), t≠0t \neq 0, lies on CC.

(a) Use calculus to show that the normal to CC at PP has equation

ty=t3x+9(1−t4)ty = t^3x + 9(1 - t^4)
(4)

The normal to CC at PP meets the yy-axis at the point AA.

(b) Determine the exact coordinates of AA in terms of tt.

(2)

Given that t=13t = \dfrac{1}{3}

(c) find the exact area of triangle OPAOPA, where OO is the origin.

(2)
题目中文翻译

等轴双曲线 CC 的方程为 xy=81xy = 81

点 P(9t,9t)P\left(9t, \dfrac{9}{t}\right),t≠0t \neq 0,在 CC 上。

(a) 用微积分方法证明 CC 在 PP 处的法线方程为

ty=t3x+9(1−t4)ty = t^3x + 9(1 - t^4)
(4)

CC 在 PP 处的法线与 yy 轴相交于点 AA。

(b) 用 tt 表示,求点 AA 的精确坐标。

(2)

已知 t=13t = \dfrac{1}{3}

(c) 求三角形 OPAOPA 的精确面积,其中 OO 为原点。

(2)

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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对 xy=81xy=81 作隐式求导,求出点 PP 处的切线斜率;法线斜率是切线斜率的负倒数。然后使用点斜式,并整理成题目指定的形式。

答题过程

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Differentiating xy=81xy=81 implicitly with respect to xx,

xdydx+y=0.x\frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x}+y=0.

Hence

dydx=−yx.\frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x}=-\frac{y}{x}.

At P(9t,9t)P\left(9t,\frac9t\right), the gradient of the tangent is

mtangent=−9/t9t=−1t2.m_{\mathrm{tangent}} =-\frac{9/t}{9t} =-\frac1{t^2}.

Therefore, the gradient of the normal is

mnormal=t2.m_{\mathrm{normal}}=t^2.

Using the point-gradient form,

y−9t= t2(x−9t)ty−9= t3x−9t4ty= t3x+9(1−t4),\begin{align*} y-\frac9t =&\,t^2(x-9t)\\ ty-9 =&\,t^3x-9t^4\\ ty =&\,t^3x+9(1-t^4), \end{align*}

as required.

(b)

解法一

思路

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点 AA 在 yy 轴上,所以令法线方程中的 x=0x=0,再解出对应的 yy 坐标。

答题过程

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At the yy-axis, x=0x=0. Substituting this into the equation of the normal gives

ty=9(1−t4).ty=9(1-t^4).

Since t≠0t\ne0,

y=9t(1−t4).y=\frac9t(1-t^4).

Therefore,

A(0,9t(1−t4)).\boxed{A\left(0,\frac9t(1-t^4)\right)}.

(c)

解法一

思路

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先把 t=13t=\frac13 代入点 PP 与 (b) 的点 AA。以竖直线段 OAOA 为底时,三角形的高就是点 PP 到 yy 轴的水平距离,因此可直接用 12×底×高\frac12\times\text{底}\times\text{高}。

答题过程

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When t=13t=\frac13,

P=(3,27).P=\left(3,27\right).

Also, from part (b),

 yA= 91/3 ×[1−(13)4]= 27(1−181)= 27×8081= 803.\begin{align*} &\,y_A\\ =&\,\frac9{1/3}\\ &\,\hspace{2pt}\times\bigg[1-\bigg(\frac13\bigg)^4\bigg]\\ =&\,27\bigg(1-\frac1{81}\bigg)\\ =&\,27\times\frac{80}{81}\\ =&\,\frac{80}3. \end{align*}

Thus

A=(0,803).A=\bigg(0,\frac{80}3\bigg).

Taking OAOA as the base, the perpendicular height from PP to the yy-axis is 33. Hence

Area⁡(OPA)= 12×803×3= 40.\begin{align*} \operatorname{Area}(OPA) =&\,\frac12\times\frac{80}{3}\times3\\ =&\,\boxed{40}. \end{align*}