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IAL 2025 May FP1 Q4

A Level / Edexcel / FP1

IAL 2025 May Paper · Question 4

Question

Problem

The rectangular hyperbola CC has equation xy=81xy = 81

The point P(9t,9t)P\left(9t, \dfrac{9}{t}\right), t0t \neq 0, lies on CC.

(a) Use calculus to show that the normal to CC at PP has equation

ty=t3x+9(1t4)ty = t^3x + 9(1 - t^4)

(4)

The normal to CC at PP meets the yy-axis at the point AA.

(b) Determine the exact coordinates of AA in terms of tt.

(2)

Given that t=13t = \dfrac{1}{3}

(c) find the exact area of triangle OPAOPA, where OO is the origin.

(2)

中文翻译

等轴双曲线 CC 的方程为 xy=81xy = 81

P(9t,9t)P\left(9t, \dfrac{9}{t}\right)t0t \neq 0,在 CC 上。

(a) 用微积分方法证明 CCPP 处的法线方程为

ty=t3x+9(1t4)ty = t^3x + 9(1 - t^4)

(4)

CCPP 处的法线与 yy 轴相交于点 AA

(b) 用 tt 表示,求点 AA 的精确坐标。

(2)

已知 t=13t = \dfrac{1}{3}

(c) 求三角形 OPAOPA 的精确面积,其中 OO 为原点。

(2)

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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xy=81xy=81 作隐式求导,求出点 PP 处的切线斜率;法线斜率是切线斜率的负倒数。然后使用点斜式,并整理成题目指定的形式。

答题过程

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Differentiating xy=81xy=81 implicitly with respect to xx,

xdydx+y=0.x\frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x}+y=0.

Hence

dydx=yx.\frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x}=-\frac{y}{x}.

At P(9t,9t)P\left(9t,\frac9t\right), the gradient of the tangent is

mtangent=9/t9t=1t2.m_{\mathrm{tangent}} =-\frac{9/t}{9t} =-\frac1{t^2}.

Therefore, the gradient of the normal is

mnormal=t2.m_{\mathrm{normal}}=t^2.

Using the point-gradient form,

y9t=t2(x9t)ty9=t3x9t4ty=t3x+9(1t4),\begin{align*} y-\frac9t =&\,t^2(x-9t)\\ ty-9 =&\,t^3x-9t^4\\ ty =&\,t^3x+9(1-t^4), \end{align*}

as required.

(b)

解法一

思路

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AAyy 轴上,所以令法线方程中的 x=0x=0,再解出对应的 yy 坐标。

答题过程

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At the yy-axis, x=0x=0. Substituting this into the equation of the normal gives

ty=9(1t4).ty=9(1-t^4).

Since t0t\ne0,

y=9t(1t4).y=\frac9t(1-t^4).

Therefore,

A(0,9t(1t4)).\boxed{A\left(0,\frac9t(1-t^4)\right)}.

(c)

解法一

思路

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先把 t=13t=\frac13 代入点 PP 与 (b) 的点 AA。以竖直线段 OAOA 为底时,三角形的高就是点 PPyy 轴的水平距离,因此可直接用 12××\frac12\times\text{底}\times\text{高}

答题过程

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When t=13t=\frac13,

P=(3,27).P=\left(3,27\right).

Also, from part (b),

A=(0,91/3(1(13)4))=(0,803).\begin{align*} A =&\,\left( 0,\frac{9}{1/3} \left(1-\left(\frac13\right)^4\right) \right)\\ =&\,\left(0,\frac{80}{3}\right). \end{align*}

Taking OAOA as the base, the perpendicular height from PP to the yy-axis is 33. Hence

Area(OPA)=12×803×3=40.\begin{align*} \operatorname{Area}(OPA) =&\,\frac12\times\frac{80}{3}\times3\\ =&\,\boxed{40}. \end{align*}