题目
Problem
=f(z)Pz4−36z3+Qz2+192z+68
where P and Q are real constants.
Given that 3+5i is a root of the equation f(z)=0
(a) write down another root of the equation f(z)=0.
(1)
(b) Hence determine a quadratic factor, with real coefficients, of f(z).
(2)
(c) Determine the value of P and the value of Q.
(5)
Without using a calculator,
(d) determine the other roots of the equation f(z)=0 giving your answers in simplest form.
(2)
题目中文翻译
=f(z)Pz4−36z3+Qz2+192z+68
其中 P 和 Q 是实常数。
已知 3+5i 是方程 f(z)=0 的一个根
(a) 写出方程 f(z)=0 的另一个根。
(1)
(b) 由此确定 f(z) 的一个二次因式,具有实系数。
(2)
(c) 确定 P 和 Q 的值。
(5)
不使用计算器,
(d) 确定方程 f(z)=0 的其他根,将答案写成最简形式。
(2)
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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实系数多项式的非实复根必成共轭对。因此已知根 3+5i 后,可以直接写出另一个根。
答题过程
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Since f has real coefficients, non-real roots occur in conjugate pairs. Therefore, another root is
3−5i.
(b)
解法一
思路
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把一对共轭根写成对应的一次因式并相乘,虚部会相消,得到所需的实系数二次因式。
答题过程
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The two conjugate roots give the factor
===(z−(3+5i))×(z−(3−5i))((z−3)−5i)×((z−3)+5i)(z−3)2+25z2−6z+34.
(c)
解法一
思路
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由 (b) 的二次因式,把四次多项式写成两个实系数二次式的乘积。先比较常数项、一次项和三次项求出另一因式的系数与 P,再比较二次项求 Q。
答题过程
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Write
=f(z)(z2−6z+34)×(az2+bz+c).
Expanding,
=f(z)az4+(b−6a)z3+(c−6b+34a)z2+(34b−6c)z+34c.
Comparing constant terms gives
34c=c=682.
Comparing coefficients of z,
34b−6c=34b−12=34b=b=1921922046.
Comparing coefficients of z3,
b−6a=6−6a=−6a=a=−36−36−427.
Hence P=a=7. Finally, comparing coefficients of z2,
Q===c−6b+34a2−36+238204.
Therefore,
P=7,Q=204.
解法二
思路
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也可以把已知复根直接代入 f(z)=0。算出复数的各次幂后,分别令实部和虚部为零,便得到关于 P,Q 的两个实系数一次方程。
答题过程
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Let z=3+5i. Then
z2=−16+30i,
z3=−198+10i,
and
z4=−644−960i.
Since f(3+5i)=0,
P(−644−960i)−36(−198+10i)+Q(−16+30i)+192(3+5i)+68=0.
Equating real and imaginary parts gives
−644P−16Q+7772=0,−960P+30Q+600=0.
The second equation simplifies to
30Q=Q=960P−60032P−20.
Substituting into the first equation,
−644P−16(32P−20)+7772=0−644P−512P+320+7772=0−1156P+8092=01156P=8092P=7.
Hence
Q=32(7)−20=204.
Therefore,
P=7,Q=204.
解法三
思路
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用 (b) 的二次因式作除式,逐次消去四次项、三次项和二次项。因为该二次式是因式,最后的一次余式必须恒等于零;比较余式的两个系数,便能求出 P,Q。以下用 h,j 暂记商的两个系数,避免反复书写长式。
答题过程
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Let
D(z)=z2−6z+34.
From part (b), D(z) is a factor of f(z), so division by D(z) must leave zero remainder.
The first term of the quotient is Pz2. Multiplying,
=Pz2D(z)Pz4−6Pz3+34Pz2.
Subtracting this from f(z) gives
R1(z)==f(z)−Pz2D(z)(6P−36)z3+(Q−34P)z2+192z+68.
Put h=6P−36. The next term of the quotient is hz, and
=hzD(z)hz3−6hz2+34hz.
Subtracting again,
==R2(z)R1(z)−hzD(z)(Q+2P−216)z2+(1416−204P)z+68.
Here the coefficients simplify as
==Q−34P+6hQ−34P+6(6P−36)Q+2P−216,
and
==192−34h192−34(6P−36)1416−204P.
Put j=Q+2P−216. The last term of the quotient is j, and
jD(z)=jz2−6jz+34j.
The quotient is therefore Pz2+hz+j, and the remainder is
==R3(z)R2(z)−jD(z)(1416−204P+6j)z+68−34j.
Substituting for j in its two coefficients,
==1416−204P+6j1416−204P+6(Q+2P−216)120−192P+6Q,
and
==68−34j68−34(Q+2P−216)−68P−34Q+7412.
Thus
=R3(z)(120−192P+6Q)z−68P−34Q+7412.
Since this is the zero polynomial, both coefficients are zero:
120−192P+6Q=0,−68P−34Q+7412=0.
Dividing the first equation by 6 and the second by −34 gives
32P−Q=2P+Q=20,218.
Adding these equations,
34P=P=2387.
Then 2(7)+Q=218, so Q=204. Hence
P=7,Q=204.
(d)
解法一
思路
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由 (c) 已知另一个二次因式是 7z2+6z+2。题目要求不使用计算器,因此用求根公式并手工化简负判别式,得到剩余的一对共轭复根。
答题过程
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From part (c),
=f(z)(z2−6z+34)×(7z2+6z+2).
The other roots satisfy
7z2+6z+2=0.
Using the quadratic formula,
z====14−6±62−4(7)(2)14−6±−2014−6±2i57−3±i5.
The two remaining roots are
z=7−3+i5
and
z=7−3−i5.