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IAL 2025 May FP1 Q8

A Level / Edexcel / FP1

IAL 2025 May Paper · Question 8

Question

Problem

(a) Using the standard summation formulae show that

r=12n(2r21)=43n(n+1)(an+b)\sum_{r=1}^{2n} (2r^2-1) = \frac{4}{3}n(n+1)(an+b)

where aa and bb are integers to be determined.

(5)

(b) Prove by induction that, for nNn \in \mathbb{N}

r=1nr(3r2)2=n2(n+1)(9n7)4\sum_{r=1}^{n} r(3r-2)^2 = \frac{n^2(n+1)(9n-7)}{4}

(5)

Using the results from parts (a) and (b) and showing all stages of your working,

(c) determine the value of nn for which

8r=1nr(3r2)2=15r=12n(2r21)8\sum_{r=1}^{n} r(3r-2)^2 = 15\sum_{r=1}^{2n} (2r^2-1)

(Solutions relying entirely on calculator technology are not acceptable.)

(3)

中文翻译

(a) 使用求和标准公式证明

r=12n(2r21)=43n(n+1)(an+b)\sum_{r=1}^{2n} (2r^2-1) = \frac{4}{3}n(n+1)(an+b)

其中 aabb 是待确定的整数。

(5)

(b) 用数学归纳法证明,对于 nNn \in \mathbb{N}

r=1nr(3r2)2=n2(n+1)(9n7)4\sum_{r=1}^{n} r(3r-2)^2 = \frac{n^2(n+1)(9n-7)}{4}

(5)

使用 (a) 和 (b) 的结果,展示所有运算过程,

(c) 确定满足下式的 nn

8r=1nr(3r2)2=15r=12n(2r21)8\sum_{r=1}^{n} r(3r-2)^2 = 15\sum_{r=1}^{2n} (2r^2-1)

(完全依赖计算器技术的解答不可接受。)

(3)

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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把原和式拆成平方和与常数和,再把平方和公式中的项数取为 2n2n。整理并因式分解后,与题目给出的形式比较,即可确定 aabb

答题过程

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Using the standard result

r=1mr2=m(m+1)(2m+1)6,\sum_{r=1}^{m}r^2=\frac{m(m+1)(2m+1)}{6},

we have

r=12n(2r21)=2r=12nr2r=12n1=2[2n(2n+1)(4n+1)6]2n=2n3(2n+1)(4n+1)2n=4n3(4n2+3n1)=43n(n+1)(4n1).\begin{align*} \sum_{r=1}^{2n}(2r^2-1) =&\,2\sum_{r=1}^{2n}r^2-\sum_{r=1}^{2n}1\\ =&\,2\left[\frac{2n(2n+1)(4n+1)}{6}\right]-2n\\ =&\,\frac{2n}{3}(2n+1)(4n+1)-2n\\ =&\,\frac{4n}{3}(4n^2+3n-1)\\ =&\,\frac{4}{3}n(n+1)(4n-1). \end{align*}

Comparing this with

43n(n+1)(an+b),\frac{4}{3}n(n+1)(an+b),

gives

a=4,b=1.\boxed{a=4,\quad b=-1}.

(b)

解法一

思路

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严格按归纳法完成三步:先验证 n=1n=1;再假设命题在 n=kn=k 时成立,并加上第 k+1k+1 项;最后把结果完全改写成题中公式把 nn 换成 k+1k+1 后的形式,再写归纳结论。

答题过程

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Let

Sn=r=1nr(3r2)2.S_n=\sum_{r=1}^{n}r(3r-2)^2.

For n=1n=1,

S1=1(32)2=1S_1=1(3-2)^2=1

and

12(1+1)(97)4=1.\frac{1^2(1+1)(9-7)}{4}=1.

Hence the result is true for n=1n=1.

Assume that the result is true for n=kn=k, so that

Sk=k2(k+1)(9k7)4.S_k=\frac{k^2(k+1)(9k-7)}{4}.

Then

Sk+1=Sk+(k+1)(3(k+1)2)2=k2(k+1)(9k7)4+(k+1)(3k+1)2=k+14[k2(9k7)+4(3k+1)2]=k+14(9k3+29k2+24k+4)=k+14(k+1)(k+2)(9k+2)=(k+1)2((k+1)+1)(9(k+1)7)4.\begin{align*} S_{k+1} =&\,S_k+(k+1)\bigl(3(k+1)-2\bigr)^2\\ =&\,\frac{k^2(k+1)(9k-7)}{4}+(k+1)(3k+1)^2\\ =&\,\frac{k+1}{4} \left[k^2(9k-7)+4(3k+1)^2\right]\\ =&\,\frac{k+1}{4} \left(9k^3+29k^2+24k+4\right)\\ =&\,\frac{k+1}{4}(k+1)(k+2)(9k+2)\\ =&\,\frac{(k+1)^2\bigl((k+1)+1\bigr) \bigl(9(k+1)-7\bigr)}{4}. \end{align*}

Therefore, if the result is true for n=kn=k, it is also true for n=k+1n=k+1. Since it is true for n=1n=1, by mathematical induction,

r=1nr(3r2)2=n2(n+1)(9n7)4\boxed{\sum_{r=1}^{n}r(3r-2)^2 =\frac{n^2(n+1)(9n-7)}{4}}

for all nNn\in\mathbb N.

(c)

解法一

思路

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把 (a)、(b) 的结果直接代入给定等式。约去非零因子 n(n+1)n(n+1) 后会得到二次方程;因式分解后,还要根据 nn 是正整数舍去非整数根。

答题过程

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Using the results from parts (a) and (b),

8[n2(n+1)(9n7)4]=15[43n(n+1)(4n1)].8\left[\frac{n^2(n+1)(9n-7)}{4}\right] =15\left[\frac{4}{3}n(n+1)(4n-1)\right].

Since nNn\in\mathbb N, we may divide by n(n+1)n(n+1):

2n(9n7)=20(4n1)18n294n+20=09n247n+10=0(9n2)(n5)=0.\begin{align*} 2n(9n-7)=&\,20(4n-1)\\ 18n^2-94n+20=&\,0\\ 9n^2-47n+10=&\,0\\ (9n-2)(n-5)=&\,0. \end{align*}

Thus n=29n=\frac29 or n=5n=5. Since nn must be a positive integer,

n=5.\boxed{n=5}.