Question
Problem
(a) Using the standard summation formulae show that
∑r=12n(2r2−1)=34n(n+1)(an+b)
where a and b are integers to be determined.
(5)
(b) Prove by induction that, for n∈N
∑r=1nr(3r−2)2=4n2(n+1)(9n−7)
(5)
Using the results from parts (a) and (b) and showing all stages of your working,
(c) determine the value of n for which
8∑r=1nr(3r−2)2=15∑r=12n(2r2−1)
(Solutions relying entirely on calculator technology are not acceptable.)
(3)
中文翻译
(a) 使用求和标准公式证明
∑r=12n(2r2−1)=34n(n+1)(an+b)
其中 a 和 b 是待确定的整数。
(5)
(b) 用数学归纳法证明,对于 n∈N
∑r=1nr(3r−2)2=4n2(n+1)(9n−7)
(5)
使用 (a) 和 (b) 的结果,展示所有运算过程,
(c) 确定满足下式的 n 值
8∑r=1nr(3r−2)2=15∑r=12n(2r2−1)
(完全依赖计算器技术的解答不可接受。)
(3)
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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把原和式拆成平方和与常数和,再把平方和公式中的项数取为 2n。整理并因式分解后,与题目给出的形式比较,即可确定 a、b。
答题过程
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Using the standard result
r=1∑mr2=6m(m+1)(2m+1),
we have
r=1∑2n(2r2−1)=====2r=1∑2nr2−r=1∑2n12[62n(2n+1)(4n+1)]−2n32n(2n+1)(4n+1)−2n34n(4n2+3n−1)34n(n+1)(4n−1).
Comparing this with
34n(n+1)(an+b),
gives
a=4,b=−1.
(b)
解法一
思路
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严格按归纳法完成三步:先验证 n=1;再假设命题在 n=k 时成立,并加上第 k+1 项;最后把结果完全改写成题中公式把 n 换成 k+1 后的形式,再写归纳结论。
答题过程
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Let
Sn=r=1∑nr(3r−2)2.
For n=1,
S1=1(3−2)2=1
and
412(1+1)(9−7)=1.
Hence the result is true for n=1.
Assume that the result is true for n=k, so that
Sk=4k2(k+1)(9k−7).
Then
Sk+1======Sk+(k+1)(3(k+1)−2)24k2(k+1)(9k−7)+(k+1)(3k+1)24k+1[k2(9k−7)+4(3k+1)2]4k+1(9k3+29k2+24k+4)4k+1(k+1)(k+2)(9k+2)4(k+1)2((k+1)+1)(9(k+1)−7).
Therefore, if the result is true for n=k, it is also true for n=k+1. Since it is true for n=1, by mathematical induction,
r=1∑nr(3r−2)2=4n2(n+1)(9n−7)
for all n∈N.
(c)
解法一
思路
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把 (a)、(b) 的结果直接代入给定等式。约去非零因子 n(n+1) 后会得到二次方程;因式分解后,还要根据 n 是正整数舍去非整数根。
答题过程
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Using the results from parts (a) and (b),
8[4n2(n+1)(9n−7)]=15[34n(n+1)(4n−1)].
Since n∈N, we may divide by n(n+1):
2n(9n−7)=18n2−94n+20=9n2−47n+10=(9n−2)(n−5)=20(4n−1)000.
Thus n=92 or n=5. Since n must be a positive integer,
n=5.