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FP1 2025 May Q9

A Level / Edexcel / FP1

IAL 2025 May Paper · Question 9

题目

Problem

Figure 1 shows a sketch of a parabola CC.

The point PP lies on CC at a distance 5 units from the focus of CC.

The points QQ and RR lie on the directrix of CC, where PQ=PR=10PQ = PR = 10 units.

Determine the exact length of QRQR giving the answer in simplest form.

(4)
题目中文翻译

图 1 显示了抛物线 CC 的示意图。

点 PP 在 CC 上,与 CC 的焦点距离为 5 个单位。

点 QQ 和 RR 在 CC 的准线上,其中 PQ=PR=10PQ = PR = 10 个单位。

确定 QRQR 的精确长度,将答案写成最简形式。

(4)

解答

解法一

思路

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作 PMPM 垂直于准线,垂足为 MM。由抛物线定义,点 PP 到焦点和到准线的距离相等,所以 PM=5PM=5。又因为 PQ=PRPQ=PR,垂线 PMPM 平分准线上的弦 QRQR,于是用直角三角形 PMQPMQ 求出半弦 QMQM。

答题过程

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Let MM be the foot of the perpendicular from PP to the directrix.

By the definition of a parabola, the distance from PP to the directrix equals the distance from PP to the focus. Hence,

PM=5.PM=5.

Since PQ=PRPQ=PR and PMPM is perpendicular to the directrix, MM is the midpoint of QRQR. In the right-angled triangle PMQPMQ,

QM= PQ2−PM2= 102−52= 53.\begin{align*} QM =&\,\sqrt{PQ^2-PM^2}\\ =&\,\sqrt{10^2-5^2}\\ =&\,5\sqrt3. \end{align*}

Therefore,

QR=2QM=103.\boxed{QR=2QM=10\sqrt3}.

解法二

思路

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也可以先在直角三角形中求顶角。由于 PM=5PM=5、PQ=10PQ=10,得到 ∠QPM=60∘\angle QPM=60^\circ;上下对称给出 ∠QPR=120∘\angle QPR=120^\circ,再对三角形 PQRPQR 使用余弦定理。

答题过程

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Let MM be the foot of the perpendicular from PP to the directrix, so that PM=5PM=5. In the right-angled triangle PMQPMQ,

 cos⁡∠QPM= PMPQ= 510= 12.\begin{align*} &\,\cos\angle QPM\\ =&\,\frac{PM}{PQ}\\ =&\,\frac5{10}\\ =&\,\frac12. \end{align*}

Thus ∠QPM=60∘\angle QPM=60^\circ. By symmetry, ∠MPR=60∘\angle MPR=60^\circ, so

∠QPR=120∘.\angle QPR=120^\circ.

Applying the cosine rule to triangle PQRPQR,

 QR2= 102+102 −2(10)(10)cos⁡120∘= 200−200(−12)= 300.\begin{align*} &\,QR^2\\ =&\,10^2+10^2\\ &\,\hspace{2pt}-2(10)(10)\cos120^\circ\\ =&\,200-200\bigg(-\frac12\bigg)\\ =&\,300. \end{align*}

Since QR>0QR>0,

QR=103.\boxed{QR=10\sqrt3}.