Question
Problem
In this question you must show all stages of your working. Solutions relying on calculator technology are not acceptable.
f(z)=z4−6z3+38z2−94z+221
(a) Given that z=2+3i is a root of the equation f(z)=0, use algebra to find the three other roots of f(z)=0.
(7)
(b) Show the four roots of f(z)=0 on a single Argand diagram.
(2)
中文翻译
在本题中必须展示所有运算过程。完全依赖计算器技术的解答不可接受。
f(z)=z4−6z3+38z2−94z+221
(a) 已知 z=2+3i 是方程 f(z)=0 的一个根,用代数方法求 f(z)=0 的另外三个根。
(7)
(b) 在同一幅 Argand 图上画出 f(z)=0 的四个根。
(2)
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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多项式系数全为实数,所以非实根成共轭对出现。先由已知根得到另一个根 2−3i,将对应的两个一次因式相乘,再用所得二次因式除原多项式。最后用配方法求第二个二次因式的根。
答题过程
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Since f(z) has real coefficients and 2+3i is a root, 2−3i is also a root.
The corresponding quadratic factor is
[z−(2+3i)][z−(2−3i)]===[(z−2)−3i][(z−2)+3i](z−2)2+9z2−4z+13.
Dividing f(z) by z2−4z+13 gives
f(z)=(z2−4z+13)(z2−2z+17).
For completeness, expanding the right-hand side gives
(z2−4z+13)(z2−2z+17)=z4−6z3+38z2−94z+221,
as required. The remaining roots satisfy
z2−2z+17=(z−1)2+16=(z−1)2=00−16.
Hence z=1±4i. The other three roots are therefore
2−3i,1+4i,1−4i.
(b)
解法一
思路
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在 Argand 图上,复数 a+bi 对应点 (a,b)。因此把四个根的实部作为横坐标、虚部作为纵坐标,并利用共轭根关于实轴对称的性质标点即可。
答题过程
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On an Argand diagram, plot and label the points
(2,3),(2,−3),(1,4),(1,−4).
Thus 2±3i lie on the vertical line Re(z)=2, and 1±4i lie on the vertical line Re(z)=1. Each conjugate pair is symmetric about the real axis.