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IAL 2026 Jan A FP1 Q2

A Level / Edexcel / FP1

IAL 2026 Jan A Paper · Question 2

Question

Problem

In this question you must show all stages of your working. Solutions relying on calculator technology are not acceptable.

f(z)=z46z3+38z294z+221f(z) = z^4 - 6z^3 + 38z^2 - 94z + 221

(a) Given that z=2+3iz = 2 + 3i is a root of the equation f(z)=0f(z) = 0, use algebra to find the three other roots of f(z)=0f(z) = 0.

(7)

(b) Show the four roots of f(z)=0f(z) = 0 on a single Argand diagram.

(2)

中文翻译

在本题中必须展示所有运算过程。完全依赖计算器技术的解答不可接受。

f(z)=z46z3+38z294z+221f(z) = z^4 - 6z^3 + 38z^2 - 94z + 221

(a) 已知 z=2+3iz = 2 + 3i 是方程 f(z)=0f(z) = 0 的一个根,用代数方法求 f(z)=0f(z) = 0 的另外三个根。

(7)

(b) 在同一幅 Argand 图上画出 f(z)=0f(z) = 0 的四个根。

(2)

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

多项式系数全为实数,所以非实根成共轭对出现。先由已知根得到另一个根 23i2-3i,将对应的两个一次因式相乘,再用所得二次因式除原多项式。最后用配方法求第二个二次因式的根。

答题过程

展开

Since f(z)f(z) has real coefficients and 2+3i2+3i is a root, 23i2-3i is also a root.

The corresponding quadratic factor is

[z(2+3i)][z(23i)]=[(z2)3i][(z2)+3i]=(z2)2+9=z24z+13.\begin{align*} [z-(2+3i)][z-(2-3i)] =&\,[(z-2)-3i][(z-2)+3i]\\ =&\,(z-2)^2+9\\ =&\,z^2-4z+13. \end{align*}

Dividing f(z)f(z) by z24z+13z^2-4z+13 gives

f(z)=(z24z+13)(z22z+17).f(z)=(z^2-4z+13)(z^2-2z+17).

For completeness, expanding the right-hand side gives

(z24z+13)(z22z+17)=z46z3+38z294z+221,\begin{align*} (z^2-4z+13)(z^2-2z+17) =&\,z^4-6z^3+38z^2-94z+221, \end{align*}

as required. The remaining roots satisfy

z22z+17=0(z1)2+16=0(z1)2=16.\begin{align*} z^2-2z+17=&\,0\\ (z-1)^2+16=&\,0\\ (z-1)^2=&\,-16. \end{align*}

Hence z=1±4iz=1\pm4i. The other three roots are therefore

23i,1+4i,14i.\boxed{2-3i,\quad 1+4i,\quad 1-4i}.

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

在 Argand 图上,复数 a+bia+bi 对应点 (a,b)(a,b)。因此把四个根的实部作为横坐标、虚部作为纵坐标,并利用共轭根关于实轴对称的性质标点即可。

答题过程

展开

On an Argand diagram, plot and label the points

(2,3),(2,3),(1,4),(1,4).\boxed{(2,3),\quad(2,-3),\quad(1,4),\quad(1,-4)}.

Thus 2±3i2\pm3i lie on the vertical line Re(z)=2\operatorname{Re}(z)=2, and 1±4i1\pm4i lie on the vertical line Re(z)=1\operatorname{Re}(z)=1. Each conjugate pair is symmetric about the real axis.