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FP1 2026 Jan Q5

A Level / Edexcel / FP1

IAL 2026 Jan Paper · Question 5

题目

Problem

A=(12−121212)A = \begin{pmatrix} \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} & -\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} \\ \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} & \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} \end{pmatrix}

(a) Describe fully the single geometric transformation represented by the matrix AA.

(2)

The matrix BB represents an enlargement with centre (0,0)(0, 0) and scale factor 222\sqrt{2}.

(b) Write down matrix BB.

(1)

Given that

  • II is the identity matrix
  • the transformation represented by (A+I)(A + I) followed by the transformation represented by BB is represented by the matrix CC
  • the triangle TT is transformed by CC to the triangle T′T'
  • T′T' has an area of 12(1+2)12(1 + \sqrt{2})

(c) determine, in simplest form, the exact area of TT.

(4)
题目中文翻译 A=(12−121212)A = \begin{pmatrix} \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} & -\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} \\ \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} & \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} \end{pmatrix}

(a) 完整描述矩阵 AA 所表示的单一几何变换。

(2)

矩阵 BB 表示以 (0,0)(0, 0) 为中心、比例因子为 222\sqrt{2} 的放大。

(b) 写出矩阵 BB。

(1)

已知

  • II 是单位矩阵
  • (A+I)(A + I) 所表示的变换后接 BB 所表示的变换由矩阵 CC 表示
  • 三角形 TT 经 CC 变换为三角形 T′T'
  • T′T' 的面积为 12(1+2)12(1 + \sqrt{2})

(c) 以最简形式确定 TT 的精确面积。

(4)

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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把矩阵与标准旋转矩阵 (cos⁡θ−sin⁡θsin⁡θcos⁡θ)\begin{pmatrix}\cos\theta&-\sin\theta\\\sin\theta&\cos\theta\end{pmatrix} 比较。四个元素对应 cos⁡θ=sin⁡θ=12\cos\theta=\sin\theta=\frac1{\sqrt2},因此可确定旋转角和旋转中心。

答题过程

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The standard matrix for an anticlockwise rotation through an angle θ\theta about the origin is

(cos⁡θ−sin⁡θsin⁡θcos⁡θ).\begin{pmatrix} \cos\theta & -\sin\theta\\ \sin\theta & \cos\theta \end{pmatrix}.

Since cos⁡π4=sin⁡π4=12\cos\dfrac\pi4=\sin\dfrac\pi4=\dfrac1{\sqrt2}, the transformation is a rotation through π4\dfrac\pi4 anticlockwise about the origin.

(b)

解法一

思路

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以原点为中心、比例因子为 kk 的放大由矩阵 kIkI 表示,因此把单位矩阵的两个对角元素乘以 222\sqrt2 即可。

答题过程

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An enlargement with centre at the origin and scale factor 222\sqrt2 is represented by

B=(220022).\boxed{ B=\begin{pmatrix} 2\sqrt2 & 0\\ 0 & 2\sqrt2 \end{pmatrix} }.

(c)

解法一

思路

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先进行 A+IA+I 的变换,再进行 BB 的变换,所以复合矩阵是 C=B(A+I)C=B(A+I)。直接算出 CC 及其行列式;面积经过矩阵变换后乘以行列式绝对值,因此用 T′T' 的面积除以 ∣det⁡C∣|\det C|。

答题过程

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The matrix representing the combined transformation is

C=B(A+I).C=B(A+I).

Thus,

 C= (220022) ×(1+12−12121+12).\begin{align*} &\,C\\ =&\,\begin{pmatrix} 2\sqrt2&0\\ 0&2\sqrt2 \end{pmatrix}\\ &\,\hspace{2pt}\times \begin{pmatrix} 1+\frac1{\sqrt2}&-\frac1{\sqrt2}\\ \frac1{\sqrt2}&1+\frac1{\sqrt2} \end{pmatrix}. \end{align*}

Evaluating the entries,

 C11=C22= 22(1+12)= 22+2,\begin{align*} &\,C_{11}=C_{22}\\ =&\,2\sqrt2\bigg(1+\frac1{\sqrt2}\bigg)\\ =&\,2\sqrt2+2, \end{align*} C12= 22(−12)= −2,\begin{align*} C_{12}=&\,2\sqrt2\bigg(-\frac1{\sqrt2}\bigg)\\ =&\,-2, \end{align*}

and

C21= 22(12)= 2.\begin{align*} C_{21}=&\,2\sqrt2\bigg(\frac1{\sqrt2}\bigg)\\ =&\,2. \end{align*}

Thus,

 C= (2+22−222+22).\begin{align*} &\,C\\ =&\,\begin{pmatrix} 2+2\sqrt2&-2\\ 2&2+2\sqrt2 \end{pmatrix}. \end{align*}

Therefore,

 det⁡C= (2+22)2−(−2)(2)= 4+82+8+4= 16+82= 8(2+2).\begin{align*} &\,\det C\\ =&\,(2+2\sqrt2)^2-(-2)(2)\\ =&\,4+8\sqrt2+8+4\\ =&\,16+8\sqrt2\\ =&\,8(2+\sqrt2). \end{align*}

Since

 Area⁡(T′)= ∣det⁡C∣Area⁡(T),\begin{align*} &\,\operatorname{Area}(T')\\ =&\,|\det C|\operatorname{Area}(T), \end{align*}

we have

 Area⁡(T)= 12(1+2)8(2+2)= 3(1+2)(2−2)2(2+2)(2−2)= 3(2−2+22−2)2(4−2)= 324.\begin{align*} &\,\operatorname{Area}(T)\\ =&\,\frac{12(1+\sqrt2)}{8(2+\sqrt2)}\\ =&\,\frac{3(1+\sqrt2)(2-\sqrt2)} {2(2+\sqrt2)(2-\sqrt2)}\\ =&\,\frac{3(2-\sqrt2+2\sqrt2-2)} {2(4-2)}\\ =&\,\boxed{\frac{3\sqrt2}{4}}. \end{align*}

解法二

思路

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不必完整乘出矩阵 CC。利用

 det⁡[B(A+I)]= det⁡Bdet⁡(A+I),\begin{align*} &\,\det[B(A+I)]\\ =&\,\det B\det(A+I), \end{align*}

分别计算两个较简单的行列式,直接得到面积比例。

答题过程

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Using the multiplicative property of determinants,

 det⁡C= det⁡Bdet⁡(A+I).\begin{align*} &\,\det C\\ =&\,\det B\det(A+I). \end{align*}

Now

det⁡B=(22)2=8,\det B=(2\sqrt2)^2=8,

and

 det⁡(A+I)= (1+12)2 −(−12)(12)= 1+22+12+12= 2+2.\begin{align*} &\,\det(A+I)\\ =&\,\bigg(1+\frac1{\sqrt2}\bigg)^2\\ &\,\hspace{2pt}-\bigg(-\frac1{\sqrt2}\bigg) \bigg(\frac1{\sqrt2}\bigg)\\ =&\,1+\frac2{\sqrt2}+\frac12+\frac12\\ =&\,2+\sqrt2. \end{align*}

Hence

∣det⁡C∣=8(2+2).|\det C|=8(2+\sqrt2).

Using the same rationalisation as in the first method,

 Area⁡(T)= 12(1+2)8(2+2)= 324.\begin{align*} &\,\operatorname{Area}(T)\\ =&\,\frac{12(1+\sqrt2)}{8(2+\sqrt2)}\\ =&\,\boxed{\frac{3\sqrt2}{4}}. \end{align*}