Skip to content
CalcGospel 國際數學圖譜
返回

IAL 2026 Jan FP1 Q5

A Level / Edexcel / FP1

IAL 2026 Jan Paper · Question 5

Question

[!problem]

The matrix AA is given by

A=(12121212)A = \begin{pmatrix} \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} & -\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} \\ \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} & \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} \end{pmatrix}

(a) Describe fully the single geometric transformation represented by the matrix AA.

(2)

The matrix BB represents an enlargement with centre (0,0)(0, 0) and scale factor 222\sqrt{2}.

(b) Write down matrix BB.

(1)

Given that

  • II is the identity matrix
  • the transformation represented by (A+I)(A + I) followed by the transformation represented by BB is represented by the matrix CC
  • the triangle TT is transformed by CC to the triangle TT'
  • TT' has an area of 12(1+2)12(1 + \sqrt{2})

(c) determine, in simplest form, the exact area of TT.

(4)

中文翻译

矩阵 AA 由下式给出

A=(12121212)A = \begin{pmatrix} \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} & -\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} \\ \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} & \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} \end{pmatrix}

(a) 完整描述矩阵 AA 所表示的单一几何变换。

(2)

矩阵 BB 表示以 (0,0)(0, 0) 为中心、比例因子为 222\sqrt{2} 的放大。

(b) 写出矩阵 BB

(1)

已知

  • II 是单位矩阵
  • (A+I)(A + I) 所表示的变换后接 BB 所表示的变换由矩阵 CC 表示
  • 三角形 TTCC 变换为三角形 TT'
  • TT' 的面积为 12(1+2)12(1 + \sqrt{2})

(c) 以最简形式确定 TT 的精确面积。

(4)

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

把矩阵与标准旋转矩阵 (cosθsinθsinθcosθ)\begin{pmatrix}\cos\theta&-\sin\theta\\\sin\theta&\cos\theta\end{pmatrix} 比较。四个元素对应 cosθ=sinθ=12\cos\theta=\sin\theta=\frac1{\sqrt2},因此可确定旋转角和旋转中心。

答题过程

展开

The standard matrix for an anticlockwise rotation through an angle θ\theta about the origin is

(cosθsinθsinθcosθ).\begin{pmatrix} \cos\theta & -\sin\theta\\ \sin\theta & \cos\theta \end{pmatrix}.

Since cosπ4=sinπ4=12\cos\dfrac\pi4=\sin\dfrac\pi4=\dfrac1{\sqrt2}, the transformation is

a rotation through π4 anticlockwise about the origin.\boxed{\text{a rotation through }\frac\pi4 \text{ anticlockwise about the origin}}.

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

以原点为中心、比例因子为 kk 的放大由矩阵 kIkI 表示,因此把单位矩阵的两个对角元素乘以 222\sqrt2 即可。

答题过程

展开

An enlargement with centre at the origin and scale factor 222\sqrt2 is represented by

B=(220022).\boxed{ B=\begin{pmatrix} 2\sqrt2 & 0\\ 0 & 2\sqrt2 \end{pmatrix} }.

(c)

解法一

思路

展开

先进行 A+IA+I 的变换,再进行 BB 的变换,所以复合矩阵是 C=B(A+I)C=B(A+I)。直接算出 CC 及其行列式;面积经过矩阵变换后乘以行列式绝对值,因此用 TT' 的面积除以 detC|\det C|

答题过程

展开

The matrix representing the combined transformation is

C=B(A+I).C=B(A+I).

Thus,

C=(220022)(1+1212121+12)=(2+22222+22).\begin{align*} C =&\,\begin{pmatrix} 2\sqrt2&0\\ 0&2\sqrt2 \end{pmatrix} \begin{pmatrix} 1+\frac1{\sqrt2}&-\frac1{\sqrt2}\\ \frac1{\sqrt2}&1+\frac1{\sqrt2} \end{pmatrix}\\ =&\,\begin{pmatrix} 2+2\sqrt2&-2\\ 2&2+2\sqrt2 \end{pmatrix}. \end{align*}

Therefore,

detC=(2+22)2(2)(2)=16+82=8(2+2).\begin{align*} \det C =&\,(2+2\sqrt2)^2-(-2)(2)\\ =&\,16+8\sqrt2\\ =&\,8(2+\sqrt2). \end{align*}

Since Area(T)=detCArea(T)\operatorname{Area}(T')=|\det C|\operatorname{Area}(T),

Area(T)=12(1+2)8(2+2)=3(1+2)(22)2(2+2)(22)=324.\begin{align*} \operatorname{Area}(T) =&\,\frac{12(1+\sqrt2)}{8(2+\sqrt2)}\\ =&\,\frac{3(1+\sqrt2)(2-\sqrt2)} {2(2+\sqrt2)(2-\sqrt2)}\\ =&\,\boxed{\frac{3\sqrt2}{4}}. \end{align*}

解法二

思路

展开

不必完整乘出矩阵 CC。利用 det[B(A+I)]=detBdet(A+I)\det[B(A+I)]=\det B\det(A+I),分别计算两个较简单的行列式,直接得到面积比例。

答题过程

展开

Using the multiplicative property of determinants,

detC=detBdet(A+I).\det C=\det B\det(A+I).

Now

detB=(22)2=8,\det B=(2\sqrt2)^2=8,

and

det(A+I)=(1+12)2(12)(12)=2+2.\begin{align*} \det(A+I) =&\,\left(1+\frac1{\sqrt2}\right)^2 -\left(-\frac1{\sqrt2}\right) \left(\frac1{\sqrt2}\right)\\ =&\,2+\sqrt2. \end{align*}

Hence

detC=8(2+2).|\det C|=8(2+\sqrt2).

It follows that

Area(T)=12(1+2)8(2+2)=324.\begin{align*} \operatorname{Area}(T) =&\,\frac{12(1+\sqrt2)}{8(2+\sqrt2)}\\ =&\,\boxed{\frac{3\sqrt2}{4}}. \end{align*}