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IAL 2026 Jan FP1 Q6

A Level / Edexcel / FP1

IAL 2026 Jan Paper · Question 6

Question

Problem

f(x)=x2+qx+rf(x) = x^2 + qx + r

where q,rZq, r \in \mathbb{Z}.

The equation f(x)=0f(x) = 0 has roots α\alpha and β\beta.

(a) Write down, in terms of qq or rr

(i) α+β\alpha + \beta

(ii) αβ\alpha\beta

(1)

Given that 1α+1β=12\dfrac{1}{\alpha} + \dfrac{1}{\beta} = \dfrac{1}{2} and α2+β2=5\alpha^2 + \beta^2 = 5

(b) without finding α\alpha or β\beta, show that

r2+br+c=0r^2 + br + c = 0

where bb and cc are integers to be determined.

(3)

(c) Hence determine the two possible functions f(x)f(x).

(3)

中文翻译

f(x)=x2+qx+rf(x) = x^2 + qx + r

其中 q,rZq, r \in \mathbb{Z}

方程 f(x)=0f(x) = 0 有根 α\alphaβ\beta

(a) 用 qqrr 写出

(i) α+β\alpha + \beta

(ii) αβ\alpha\beta

(1)

已知 1α+1β=12\dfrac{1}{\alpha} + \dfrac{1}{\beta} = \dfrac{1}{2}α2+β2=5\alpha^2 + \beta^2 = 5

(b) 不求 α\alphaβ\beta,证明

r2+br+c=0r^2 + br + c = 0

其中 bbcc 是待确定的整数。

(3)

(c) 由此确定两个可能的函数 f(x)f(x)

(3)

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

直接使用一元二次方程的根与系数关系。对于 x2+qx+r=0x^2+qx+r=0,两根之和是一次项系数的相反数,两根之积是常数项。

答题过程

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By the relationships between the roots and coefficients,

α+β=q\boxed{\alpha+\beta=-q}

and

αβ=r.\boxed{\alpha\beta=r}.

(b)

解法一

思路

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先把倒数和写成 α+βαβ\frac{\alpha+\beta}{\alpha\beta},再利用 (a) 得到 qqrr 的关系。然后把 α2+β2\alpha^2+\beta^2 写成根的和与积的表达式,消去 qq,即可得到只含 rr 的二次方程。

答题过程

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Using part (a),

1α+1β=α+βαβ=qr.\begin{align*} \frac1\alpha+\frac1\beta =&\,\frac{\alpha+\beta}{\alpha\beta}\\ =&\,\frac{-q}{r}. \end{align*}

Since this is equal to 12\dfrac12,

qr=12,-\frac qr=\frac12,

and hence

q=r2.q=-\frac r2.

Also,

α2+β2=(α+β)22αβ=q22r.\begin{align*} \alpha^2+\beta^2 =&\,(\alpha+\beta)^2-2\alpha\beta\\ =&\,q^2-2r. \end{align*}

Using α2+β2=5\alpha^2+\beta^2=5 and q=r2q=-\dfrac r2,

(r2)22r=5r242r=5r28r20=0.\begin{align*} \left(-\frac r2\right)^2-2r=&\,5\\ \frac{r^2}{4}-2r=&\,5\\ r^2-8r-20=&\,0. \end{align*}

Therefore,

b=8,c=20.\boxed{b=-8,\qquad c=-20}.

(c)

解法一

思路

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承接 (b),先解关于 rr 的二次方程。再用同一小题得到的 q=r2q=-\frac r2 分别求出对应的 qq,最后代回 f(x)=x2+qx+rf(x)=x^2+qx+r

答题过程

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From part (b),

r28r20=0(r+2)(r10)=0.\begin{align*} r^2-8r-20=&\,0\\ (r+2)(r-10)=&\,0. \end{align*}

Thus r=2r=-2 or r=10r=10.

Since q=r2q=-\dfrac r2,

rq21105\begin{array}{c|c} r & q\\ \hline -2 & 1\\ 10 & -5 \end{array}

Therefore, the two possible functions are

f(x)=x2+x2\boxed{f(x)=x^2+x-2}

and

f(x)=x25x+10.\boxed{f(x)=x^2-5x+10}.