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IAL 2026 Jan FP1 Q9

A Level / Edexcel / FP1

IAL 2026 Jan Paper · Question 9

Question

Problem

The rectangular hyperbola HH has equation xy=c2xy = c^2 where c>0c > 0.

The point PP lies on HH and has coordinates (ct,ct)\left(ct, \dfrac{c}{t}\right) where t>0t > 0.

The line l1l_1 is the tangent to HH at PP.

(a) Use calculus to show that an equation for l1l_1 is

x+t2y=2ctx + t^2y = 2ct

(3)

The line l2l_2 is the normal to HH at PP.

(b) Determine an equation for l2l_2.

(1)

Given that

  • l1l_1 crosses the xx-axis at the point XX and crosses the yy-axis at the point YY
  • l2l_2 crosses the yy-axis at the point ZZ

(c) show that the area of the triangle XYZXYZ is given by

c2(1+t4)c^2(1 + t^4)

(4)

When t=3t = 3

  • the area of the triangle XYZXYZ is 410
  • the line from PP through the origin meets HH again at the point QQ

(d) Determine the exact length of PQPQ, giving your answer as a simplified surd.

(3)

中文翻译

等轴双曲线 HH 的方程为 xy=c2xy = c^2,其中 c>0c > 0

PPHH 上,坐标为 (ct,ct)\left(ct, \dfrac{c}{t}\right),其中 t>0t > 0

直线 l1l_1HHPP 处的切线。

(a) 用微积分方法证明 l1l_1 的方程为

x+t2y=2ctx + t^2y = 2ct

(3)

直线 l2l_2HHPP 处的法线。

(b) 确定 l2l_2 的方程。

(1)

已知

  • l1l_1xx 轴相交于点 XX,与 yy 轴相交于点 YY
  • l2l_2yy 轴相交于点 ZZ

(c) 证明三角形 XYZXYZ 的面积为

c2(1+t4)c^2(1 + t^4)

(4)

t=3t = 3

  • 三角形 XYZXYZ 的面积为 410
  • PP 经过原点的直线再次与 HH 相交于点 QQ

(d) 确定 PQPQ 的精确长度,将答案写成最简根式。

(3)

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

先把双曲线写成 y=c2x1y=c^2x^{-1} 并求导。在点 PP 处代入 x=ctx=ct,得到切线斜率 1t2-\frac1{t^2},再用点斜式整理成题目要求的方程。

答题过程

展开

Since xy=c2xy=c^2,

y=c2x.y=\frac{c^2}{x}.

Hence,

dydx=c2x2.\frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x} =-\frac{c^2}{x^2}.

At P(ct,ct)P\left(ct,\dfrac ct\right), the gradient of the tangent is

c2(ct)2=1t2.-\frac{c^2}{(ct)^2}=-\frac1{t^2}.

Therefore, the tangent has equation

yct=1t2(xct).y-\frac ct=-\frac1{t^2}(x-ct).

Multiplying by t2t^2 and rearranging,

t2yct=x+ctx+t2y=2ct,\begin{align*} t^2y-ct=&\,-x+ct\\ x+t^2y=&\,\boxed{2ct}, \end{align*}

as required.

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

法线斜率是切线斜率的负倒数,因此为 t2t^2。使用点 PP 写出法线的点斜式即可。

答题过程

展开

The gradient of the normal is t2t^2. Hence an equation of l2l_2 is

yct=t2(xct).\boxed{y-\frac ct=t^2(x-ct)}.

Equivalently,

y=t2x+ctct3.\boxed{y=t^2x+\frac ct-ct^3}.

(c)

解法一

思路

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先分别令切线中的 y=0y=0x=0x=0,得到 XXYY;再令法线中的 x=0x=0 得到 ZZ。由于 YZYZyy 轴上,可以直接把它作为底,点 XXyy 轴的水平距离作为高。

答题过程

展开

From x+t2y=2ctx+t^2y=2ct,

X=(2ct,0)X=(2ct,0)

and

Y=(0,2ct).Y=\left(0,\frac{2c}{t}\right).

Putting x=0x=0 in the equation of the normal gives

Z=(0,ctct3).Z=\left(0,\frac ct-ct^3\right).

Since c>0c>0 and t>0t>0, the length of the vertical base YZYZ is

YZ=2ct(ctct3)=ct+ct3.\begin{align*} YZ =&\,\frac{2c}{t}-\left(\frac ct-ct^3\right)\\ =&\,\frac ct+ct^3. \end{align*}

The perpendicular distance from XX to the yy-axis is 2ct2ct. Therefore,

Area(XYZ)=12(ct+ct3)(2ct)=ct(ct+ct3)=c2(1+t4),\begin{align*} \operatorname{Area}(\triangle XYZ) =&\,\frac12\left(\frac ct+ct^3\right)(2ct)\\ =&\,ct\left(\frac ct+ct^3\right)\\ =&\,\boxed{c^2(1+t^4)}, \end{align*}

as required.

解法二

思路

展开

官方评分资料也接受鞋带公式。把三个顶点依次写入行列式,展开后直接得到面积;这种方法不必另外判断哪一段纵坐标较大。

答题过程

展开

Using the coordinates found above and the shoelace formula,

Area(XYZ)=122ct(2ctct+ct3)=122c2+2c2t4=c2(1+t4),\begin{align*} \operatorname{Area}(\triangle XYZ) =&\,\frac12\left| 2ct\left(\frac{2c}{t}-\frac ct+ct^3\right) \right|\\ =&\,\frac12\left|2c^2+2c^2t^4\right|\\ =&\,\boxed{c^2(1+t^4)}, \end{align*}

because c>0c>0 and t>0t>0.

解法三

思路

展开

线段 XYXY 位于切线上,线段 PZPZ 位于法线上,所以二者互相垂直。可把 XYXY 看作三角形的底、PZPZ 看作对应的高,再分别用距离公式求长度。

答题过程

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Since XYXY lies on the tangent and PZPZ lies on the normal, XYPZXY\perp PZ. Also,

XY=(2ct)2+(2ct)2=2ctt4+1,\begin{align*} XY =&\,\sqrt{(2ct)^2+\left(\frac{2c}{t}\right)^2}\\ =&\,\frac{2c}{t}\sqrt{t^4+1}, \end{align*}

where t>0t>0. Furthermore,

PZ=(ct)2+(ct3)2=ct1+t4.\begin{align*} PZ =&\,\sqrt{(ct)^2+(ct^3)^2}\\ =&\,ct\sqrt{1+t^4}. \end{align*}

Therefore,

Area(XYZ)=12(XY)(PZ)=12(2ct1+t4)(ct1+t4)=c2(1+t4).\begin{align*} \operatorname{Area}(\triangle XYZ) =&\,\frac12(XY)(PZ)\\ =&\,\frac12\left(\frac{2c}{t}\sqrt{1+t^4}\right) \left(ct\sqrt{1+t^4}\right)\\ =&\,\boxed{c^2(1+t^4)}. \end{align*}

(d)

解法一

思路

展开

先把 t=3t=3 与面积 410 代入 (c),利用 c>0c>0 求出 cc,从而得到 PP 的坐标。直线 OPOP 通过原点,而等轴双曲线关于原点中心对称,所以另一交点是 Q=PQ=-P,于是 PQ=2OPPQ=2OP

答题过程

展开

Using part (c) with t=3t=3,

c2(1+34)=410.c^2(1+3^4)=410.

Thus 82c2=41082c^2=410, so c2=5c^2=5. Since c>0c>0,

c=5.c=\sqrt5.

Hence,

P=(35,53).P=\left(3\sqrt5,\frac{\sqrt5}{3}\right).

The hyperbola xy=c2xy=c^2 is symmetric about the origin. Therefore, the second intersection of the line OPOP with HH is Q=PQ=-P, and so PQ=2OPPQ=2OP. Now

PQ=2(35)2+(53)2=245+59=24109=24103.\begin{align*} PQ =&\,2\sqrt{(3\sqrt5)^2 +\left(\frac{\sqrt5}{3}\right)^2}\\ =&\,2\sqrt{45+\frac59}\\ =&\,2\sqrt{\frac{410}{9}}\\ =&\,\boxed{\frac{2\sqrt{410}}{3}}. \end{align*}