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FP2 2020 Oct Q3

A Level / Edexcel / FP2

IAL 2020 Oct Paper · Question 3

题目

Problem

3.

Use algebra to obtain the set of values of xx for which

 ∣x2+3x+10x+2∣ <7−x\begin{align*} &\,\Big|\frac{x^2+3x+10}{x+2}\Big|\\[2mm] &\,\hspace{2pt}<7-x \end{align*}
(9)
题目中文翻译

用代数方法求满足下列不等式的 xx 的取值集合:

 ∣x2+3x+10x+2∣ <7−x\begin{align*} &\,\Big|\frac{x^2+3x+10}{x+2}\Big|\\[2mm] &\,\hspace{2pt}<7-x \end{align*}
(9)

解答

解法一

思路

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绝对值不等式要拆成两个同时成立的条件,分别解分式不等式后取交集。通分时先整理分子,再根据各因子的正负判断,不直接乘以符号未定的分母。注意 x=−2x=-2 不在定义域内。

答题过程

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For x≠−2x\ne-2, let

F(x)= x2+3x+10x+2.\begin{align*} F(x)=&\,\frac{x^2+3x+10}{x+2}. \end{align*}

The modulus inequality is equivalent to both

F(x)< 7−x,F(x)> −(7−x).\begin{align*} F(x)<&\,7-x,\\[2mm] F(x)>&\,-(7-x). \end{align*}

First solve F(x)<7−xF(x)<7-x. On putting F(x)−(7−x)F(x)-(7-x) over the denominator x+2x+2, let its numerator be N(x)N(x). Then

 N(x)= x2+3x+10 −(7−x)(x+2)= x2+3x+10 −(−x2+5x+14)= 2x2−2x−4= 2(x−2)(x+1).\begin{align*} &\,N(x)\\[4mm] =&\,x^2+3x+10\\[2mm] &\,-(7-x)(x+2)\\[4mm] =&\,x^2+3x+10\\[2mm] &\,-(-x^2+5x+14)\\[4mm] =&\,2x^2-2x-4\\[2mm] =&\,2(x-2)(x+1). \end{align*}

Hence the first inequality becomes

2(x−2)(x+1)x+2< 0.\begin{align*} \frac{2(x-2)(x+1)}{x+2}<&\,0. \end{align*}

The numerator is positive for x<−1x<-1 or x>2x>2, and negative for −1<x<2-1<x<2. The denominator is negative for x<−2x<-2 and positive for x>−2x>-2. The fraction is negative when the signs differ, giving

 x<−2 or−1<x<2.\begin{align*} &\,x<-2\\[2mm] &\,\text{or}\quad -1<x<2. \end{align*}

Next solve F(x)>−(7−x)F(x)>-(7-x). On putting F(x)+(7−x)F(x)+(7-x) over the denominator x+2x+2, its numerator is

 M(x)= x2+3x+10 +(7−x)(x+2)= x2+3x+10 +(−x2+5x+14)= 8x+24.\begin{align*} &\,M(x)\\[4mm] =&\,x^2+3x+10\\[2mm] &\,+(7-x)(x+2)\\[4mm] =&\,x^2+3x+10\\[2mm] &\,+(-x^2+5x+14)\\[4mm] =&\,8x+24. \end{align*}

Thus, dividing out the positive constant 88,

x+3x+2> 0.\begin{align*} \frac{x+3}{x+2}>&\,0. \end{align*}

The numerator and denominator have the same sign when

 x<−3 orx>−2.\begin{align*} &\,x<-3\\[2mm] &\,\text{or}\quad x>-2. \end{align*}

Taking the intersection of the two solution sets, the required values are

 x<−3 or−1<x<2.\begin{align*} &\,x<-3\\[2mm] &\,\text{or}\quad -1<x<2. \end{align*}