题目
Problem
3.
Use algebra to obtain the set of values of x x x for which
∣ x 2 + 3 x + 10 x + 2 ∣ < 7 − x \begin{align*}
&\,\Big|\frac{x^2+3x+10}{x+2}\Big|\\[2mm]
&\,\hspace{2pt}<7-x
\end{align*} x + 2 x 2 + 3 x + 10 < 7 − x
(9)
题目中文翻译
用代数方法求满足下列不等式的 x x x 的取值集合:
∣ x 2 + 3 x + 10 x + 2 ∣ < 7 − x \begin{align*}
&\,\Big|\frac{x^2+3x+10}{x+2}\Big|\\[2mm]
&\,\hspace{2pt}<7-x
\end{align*} x + 2 x 2 + 3 x + 10 < 7 − x
(9)
解答
解法一
思路
展开
绝对值不等式要拆成两个同时成立的条件,分别解分式不等式后取交集。通分时先整理分子,再根据各因子的正负判断,不直接乘以符号未定的分母。注意 x = − 2 x=-2 x = − 2 不在定义域内。
答题过程
展开
For x ≠ − 2 x\ne-2 x = − 2 , let
F ( x ) = x 2 + 3 x + 10 x + 2 . \begin{align*}
F(x)=&\,\frac{x^2+3x+10}{x+2}.
\end{align*} F ( x ) = x + 2 x 2 + 3 x + 10 .
The modulus inequality is equivalent to both
F ( x ) < 7 − x , F ( x ) > − ( 7 − x ) . \begin{align*}
F(x)<&\,7-x,\\[2mm]
F(x)>&\,-(7-x).
\end{align*} F ( x ) < F ( x ) > 7 − x , − ( 7 − x ) .
First solve F ( x ) < 7 − x F(x)<7-x F ( x ) < 7 − x . On putting F ( x ) − ( 7 − x ) F(x)-(7-x) F ( x ) − ( 7 − x ) over the denominator x + 2 x+2 x + 2 , let its numerator be N ( x ) N(x) N ( x ) . Then
N ( x ) = x 2 + 3 x + 10 − ( 7 − x ) ( x + 2 ) = x 2 + 3 x + 10 − ( − x 2 + 5 x + 14 ) = 2 x 2 − 2 x − 4 = 2 ( x − 2 ) ( x + 1 ) . \begin{align*}
&\,N(x)\\[4mm]
=&\,x^2+3x+10\\[2mm]
&\,-(7-x)(x+2)\\[4mm]
=&\,x^2+3x+10\\[2mm]
&\,-(-x^2+5x+14)\\[4mm]
=&\,2x^2-2x-4\\[2mm]
=&\,2(x-2)(x+1).
\end{align*} = = = = N ( x ) x 2 + 3 x + 10 − ( 7 − x ) ( x + 2 ) x 2 + 3 x + 10 − ( − x 2 + 5 x + 14 ) 2 x 2 − 2 x − 4 2 ( x − 2 ) ( x + 1 ) .
Hence the first inequality becomes
2 ( x − 2 ) ( x + 1 ) x + 2 < 0. \begin{align*}
\frac{2(x-2)(x+1)}{x+2}<&\,0.
\end{align*} x + 2 2 ( x − 2 ) ( x + 1 ) < 0.
The numerator is positive for x < − 1 x<-1 x < − 1 or x > 2 x>2 x > 2 , and negative for − 1 < x < 2 -1<x<2 − 1 < x < 2 . The denominator is negative for x < − 2 x<-2 x < − 2 and positive for x > − 2 x>-2 x > − 2 . The fraction is negative when the signs differ, giving
x < − 2 or − 1 < x < 2. \begin{align*}
&\,x<-2\\[2mm]
&\,\text{or}\quad -1<x<2.
\end{align*} x < − 2 or − 1 < x < 2.
Next solve F ( x ) > − ( 7 − x ) F(x)>-(7-x) F ( x ) > − ( 7 − x ) . On putting F ( x ) + ( 7 − x ) F(x)+(7-x) F ( x ) + ( 7 − x ) over the denominator x + 2 x+2 x + 2 , its numerator is
M ( x ) = x 2 + 3 x + 10 + ( 7 − x ) ( x + 2 ) = x 2 + 3 x + 10 + ( − x 2 + 5 x + 14 ) = 8 x + 24. \begin{align*}
&\,M(x)\\[4mm]
=&\,x^2+3x+10\\[2mm]
&\,+(7-x)(x+2)\\[4mm]
=&\,x^2+3x+10\\[2mm]
&\,+(-x^2+5x+14)\\[4mm]
=&\,8x+24.
\end{align*} = = = M ( x ) x 2 + 3 x + 10 + ( 7 − x ) ( x + 2 ) x 2 + 3 x + 10 + ( − x 2 + 5 x + 14 ) 8 x + 24.
Thus, dividing out the positive constant 8 8 8 ,
x + 3 x + 2 > 0. \begin{align*}
\frac{x+3}{x+2}>&\,0.
\end{align*} x + 2 x + 3 > 0.
The numerator and denominator have the same sign when
x < − 3 or x > − 2. \begin{align*}
&\,x<-3\\[2mm]
&\,\text{or}\quad x>-2.
\end{align*} x < − 3 or x > − 2.
Taking the intersection of the two solution sets, the required values are
x < − 3 or − 1 < x < 2. \begin{align*}
&\,x<-3\\[2mm]
&\,\text{or}\quad -1<x<2.
\end{align*} x < − 3 or − 1 < x < 2.