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FP2 2021 Jan Q1

A Level / Edexcel / FP2

IAL 2021 Jan Paper · Question 1

题目

Problem

1. The transformation TT from the zz-plane, where z=x+iyz=x+\mathrm{i}y, to the ww-plane, where w=u+ivw=u+\mathrm{i}v, is given by

w= z+piiz+3,z≠ 3i,p∈Z.\begin{align*} w=&\,\frac{z+p\mathrm{i}}{\mathrm{i}z+3},\\[4mm] z\ne&\,3\mathrm{i},\qquad p\in\mathbb{Z}. \end{align*}

The point representing i(1+3)\mathrm{i}(1+\sqrt3) is invariant under TT.

Determine the value of pp.

(3)
题目中文翻译

1. 变换 TT 将 zz 平面上的点变换到 ww 平面,其中 z=x+iyz=x+\mathrm{i}y,w=u+ivw=u+\mathrm{i}v,且

w= z+piiz+3,z≠ 3i,p∈Z.\begin{align*} w=&\,\frac{z+p\mathrm{i}}{\mathrm{i}z+3},\\[4mm] z\ne&\,3\mathrm{i},\qquad p\in\mathbb{Z}. \end{align*}

表示 i(1+3)\mathrm{i}(1+\sqrt3) 的点在变换 TT 下保持不变。

求 pp 的值。

(3)

解答

解法一

思路

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The point representing i(1+3)\mathrm{i}(1 + \sqrt{3}) is invariant under TT 这句, 说明 i(1+3)\mathrm{i}(1 + \sqrt{3}) 是不动点。

不动点的意思是这个点经过 transformation 后仍然回到自己,所以这里要令

z=w=i(1+3).\begin{align*} z = w = \mathrm{i}(1+\sqrt{3}). \end{align*}

然后代入 transformation,解出整数 pp。

答题过程

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Since the point is invariant under TT,

z=w=i(1+3).\begin{align*} z = w = \mathrm{i}(1+\sqrt{3}). \end{align*}

At this point the denominator of the transformation is

 i(i(1+3))+3= −(1+3)+3= 2−3.\begin{align*} &\,\mathrm{i}\big(\mathrm{i}(1+\sqrt3)\big)+3\\[4mm] =&\,-(1+\sqrt3)+3\\[2mm] =&\,2-\sqrt3. \end{align*}

Substituting into the transformation gives

 i(1+3)= i(1+3+p)2−3.\begin{align*} &\,\mathrm{i}(1+\sqrt3)\\[4mm] =&\,\frac{\mathrm{i}(1+\sqrt3+p)}{2-\sqrt3}. \end{align*}

Multiplying by 2−32-\sqrt3 and cancelling i\mathrm{i} gives

 (1+3)(2−3)= 1+3+p.\begin{align*} &\,(1+\sqrt3)(2-\sqrt3)\\[4mm] =&\,1+\sqrt3+p. \end{align*}

Now

 (1+3)(2−3)= 2−3+23−3= −1+3.\begin{align*} &\,(1+\sqrt3)(2-\sqrt3)\\[4mm] =&\,2-\sqrt3+2\sqrt3-3\\[2mm] =&\,-1+\sqrt3. \end{align*}

Therefore

−1+3= 1+3+p,p= −2.\begin{align*} -1+\sqrt3=&\,1+\sqrt3+p,\\[4mm] p=&\,-2. \end{align*}