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FP2 2022 June Q2

A Level / Edexcel / FP2

IAL 2022 June Paper · Question 2

题目

Problem

2. (a) Use algebra to determine the set of values of xx for which

x−5<9x+3\begin{align*} x - 5 < \frac{9}{x + 3} \end{align*}
(6)

(b) Hence, or otherwise, determine the set of values of xx for which

x−5<9∣x+3∣\begin{align*} x - 5 < \frac{9}{|x + 3|} \end{align*}
(2)
题目中文翻译
  1. (a) 用代数方法求使下列不等式成立的 xx 的取值集合:
x−5<9x+3.\begin{align*} x-5<\frac9{x+3}. \end{align*}
(6)

(b) 由此或用其他方法,求使下列不等式成立的 xx 的取值集合:

x−5<9∣x+3∣.\begin{align*} x-5<\frac9{|x+3|}. \end{align*}
(2)

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

这是分式不等式,不能直接乘以 x+3x+3 而不考虑符号。先移到一边并通分,再用 critical values 分区间判断。

答题过程

展开

We need

x−5<9x+3,\begin{align*} x-5<\frac9{x+3}, \end{align*}

where

x≠−3.\begin{align*} x\neq -3. \end{align*}

Move all terms to the left:

x−5−9x+3<0.\begin{align*} x-5-\frac9{x+3}<0. \end{align*}

Use the common denominator x+3x+3:

x−5−9x+3= (x−5)(x+3)−9x+3.\begin{align*} x-5-\frac9{x+3} =&\,\frac{(x-5)(x+3)-9}{x+3}. \end{align*}

Expand the numerator:

(x−5)(x+3)−9= x2−2x−15−9= x2−2x−24= (x−6)(x+4).\begin{align*} (x-5)(x+3)-9 =&\,x^2-2x-15-9\\[2mm] =&\,x^2-2x-24\\[2mm] =&\,(x-6)(x+4). \end{align*}

So the inequality becomes

(x−6)(x+4)x+3<0.\begin{align*} \frac{(x-6)(x+4)}{x+3}<0. \end{align*}

The critical values are

x=−4,−3,6.\begin{align*} x=-4,\quad -3,\quad 6. \end{align*}

The signs of the factors give the following sign chart for EE:

E=(x−6)(x+4)x+3.\begin{align*} E=\frac{(x-6)(x+4)}{x+3}. \end{align*}
Intervalx−6x-6x+4x+4x+3x+3EE
x<−4x<-4−-−-−-−-
−4<x<−3-4<x<-3−-++−-++
−3<x<6-3<x<6−-++++−-
x>6x>6++++++++

We require E<0E<0. The values x=−4x=-4 and x=6x=6 give equality, while x=−3x=-3 is undefined, so all three boundary values are excluded. Therefore

x<−4or−3<x<6.\begin{align*} x<-4 \quad\text{or}\quad -3<x<6. \end{align*}

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

因为分母是 ∣x+3∣|x+3|,所以右边始终为正,且 x≠−3x\neq -3。

当 x>−3x>-3 时,∣x+3∣=x+3|x+3|=x+3,沿用 (a) 得 −3<x<6-3<x<6。

当 x<−3x<-3 时,右边仍为正,而 x−5<0x-5<0,所以不等式自动成立。

答题过程

展开

We need

x−5<9∣x+3∣,\begin{align*} x-5<\frac9{|x+3|}, \end{align*}

where x≠−3x\neq -3.

If x>−3x>-3, then ∣x+3∣=x+3|x+3|=x+3, so from part (a),

−3<x<6.\begin{align*} -3<x<6. \end{align*}

If x<−3x<-3, then

x−5<0\begin{align*} x-5<0 \end{align*}

and

9∣x+3∣>0.\begin{align*} \frac9{|x+3|}>0. \end{align*}

So the inequality is true for all x<−3x<-3.

Therefore the solution is

x<6,x≠−3.\begin{align*} x<6,\qquad x\neq -3. \end{align*}