题目
Problem
2. (a) Use algebra to determine the set of values of x for which
x−5<x+39
(6)
(b) Hence, or otherwise, determine the set of values of x for which
x−5<∣x+3∣9
(2)
题目中文翻译
- (a) 用代数方法求使下列不等式成立的 x 的取值集合:
x−5<x+39.
(6)
(b) 由此或用其他方法,求使下列不等式成立的 x 的取值集合:
x−5<∣x+3∣9.
(2)
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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这是分式不等式,不能直接乘以 x+3 而不考虑符号。先移到一边并通分,再用 critical values 分区间判断。
答题过程
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We need
x−5<x+39,
where
x=−3.
Move all terms to the left:
x−5−x+39<0.
Use the common denominator x+3:
x−5−x+39=x+3(x−5)(x+3)−9.
Expand the numerator:
(x−5)(x+3)−9===x2−2x−15−9x2−2x−24(x−6)(x+4).
So the inequality becomes
x+3(x−6)(x+4)<0.
The critical values are
x=−4,−3,6.
The signs of the factors give the following sign chart for E:
E=x+3(x−6)(x+4).
| Interval | x−6 | x+4 | x+3 | E |
|---|
| x<−4 | − | − | − | − |
| −4<x<−3 | − | + | − | + |
| −3<x<6 | − | + | + | − |
| x>6 | + | + | + | + |
We require E<0. The values x=−4 and x=6 give equality, while x=−3 is undefined, so all three boundary values are excluded. Therefore
x<−4or−3<x<6.
(b)
解法一
思路
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因为分母是 ∣x+3∣,所以右边始终为正,且 x=−3。
当 x>−3 时,∣x+3∣=x+3,沿用 (a) 得 −3<x<6。
当 x<−3 时,右边仍为正,而 x−5<0,所以不等式自动成立。
答题过程
展开
We need
x−5<∣x+3∣9,
where x=−3.
If x>−3, then ∣x+3∣=x+3, so from part (a),
−3<x<6.
If x<−3, then
x−5<0
and
∣x+3∣9>0.
So the inequality is true for all x<−3.
Therefore the solution is
x<6,x=−3.