Skip to content
CalcGospel 國際數學圖譜
返回

FP2 2022 June Q4

A Level / Edexcel / FP2

IAL 2022 June Paper · Question 4

题目

Problem

4. (a) Determine the general solution of the differential equation

dydx−3ytan⁡x= e4xsec⁡3x\begin{align*} \frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x} - 3y \tan x =&\, \mathrm{e}^{4x} \sec^3 x \end{align*}

giving your answer in the form y=f(x)y = f(x) .

(5)

(b) Determine the particular solution for which y=4y = 4 at x=0x = 0

(2)
题目中文翻译
  1. (a) 求微分方程
dydx−3ytan⁡x= e4xsec⁡3x\begin{align*} \frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x}-3y\tan x =&\,\mathrm{e}^{4x}\sec^3 x \end{align*}

的通解,并将答案写成 y=f(x)y=f(x) 的形式。

(5)

(b) 求当 x=0x=0 时 y=4y=4 的特解。

(2)

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

这是标准一阶线性微分方程。先找 integrating factor:

e∫−3tan⁡x dx.\begin{align*} \mathrm{e}^{\int -3\tan x\,\mathrm{d}x}. \end{align*}

乘上积分因子后,左边会合成一个乘积导数,然后直接积分。

答题过程

展开

The differential equation is

dydx−3ytan⁡x=e4xsec⁡3x.\begin{align*} \frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x}-3y\tan x =\mathrm{e}^{4x}\sec^3 x. \end{align*}

The integrating factor is

e∫−3tan⁡x dx= e3ln⁡(cos⁡x)= cos⁡3x.\begin{align*} \mathrm{e}^{\int -3\tan x\,\mathrm{d}x} =&\,\mathrm{e}^{3\ln(\cos x)}\\[2mm] =&\,\cos^3 x. \end{align*}

Multiplying the differential equation by cos⁡3x\cos^3 x,

cos⁡3xdydx−3ysin⁡xcos⁡2x= e4x.\begin{align*} \cos^3 x\frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x} -3y\sin x\cos^2 x =&\,\mathrm{e}^{4x}. \end{align*}

The left hand side is

ddx(ycos⁡3x).\begin{align*} \frac{\mathrm{d}}{\mathrm{d}x}(y\cos^3 x). \end{align*}

Therefore

ddx(ycos⁡3x)= e4x.\begin{align*} \frac{\mathrm{d}}{\mathrm{d}x}(y\cos^3 x) =&\,\mathrm{e}^{4x}. \end{align*}

Integrating,

ycos⁡3x= ∫e4x dx= 14e4x+C.\begin{align*} y\cos^3 x =&\,\int \mathrm{e}^{4x}\,\mathrm{d}x\\[2mm] =&\,\frac{1}{4}\mathrm{e}^{4x}+C. \end{align*}

Hence

y=(14e4x+C)sec⁡3x.\begin{align*} \boxed{y=\Big(\frac{1}{4}\mathrm{e}^{4x}+C\Big)\sec^3 x}. \end{align*}

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

把 x=0x=0、y=4y=4 代入通解即可。注意 sec⁡0=1\sec 0=1,所以常数 CC 会很快求出。

答题过程

展开

Using

y=(14e4x+C)sec⁡3x,\begin{align*} y=\Big(\frac{1}{4}\mathrm{e}^{4x}+C\Big)\sec^3 x, \end{align*}

and y=4y=4 when x=0x=0,

4= (14e0+C)sec⁡304= 14+C.\begin{align*} 4=&\,\Big(\frac{1}{4}\mathrm{e}^0+C\Big)\sec^3 0\\[2mm] 4=&\,\frac{1}{4}+C. \end{align*}

So

C=154.\begin{align*} C=\frac{15}{4}. \end{align*}

Therefore the particular solution is

y=14(e4x+15)sec⁡3x.\begin{align*} \boxed{y=\frac{1}{4}\Big(\mathrm{e}^{4x}+15\Big)\sec^3 x}. \end{align*}