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FP2 2023 June Q4

A Level / Edexcel / FP2

IAL 2023 June Paper · Question 4

题目

Problem

4.

(a) Determine the general solution of the differential equation

d2ydx2−8dydx+16y= 48x2−34\begin{align*} \frac{\mathrm{d}^2 y}{\mathrm{d}x^2} - 8\frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x} + 16y =&\, 48x^2 - 34 \end{align*}
(5)

Given that y=4y = 4 and dydx=21\frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x} = 21 at x=0x = 0

(b) determine the particular solution of the differential equation.

(4)

(c) Hence find the value of yy at x=−2x = -2 , giving your answer in the form peq+rp\mathrm{e}^q + r where pp , qq and rr are integers to be determined.

(2)
题目中文翻译

(a) 求微分方程

d2ydx2−8dydx+16y= 48x2−34 \begin{align*} \frac{\mathrm{d}^2y}{\mathrm{d}x^2} -8\frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x}+16y =&\,48x^2-34 \end{align*}

的通解。

(5)

已知 x=0x=0 时,y=4y=4 且 dydx=21\frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x}=21。

(b) 求该微分方程的特解。

(4)

(c) 由此求 x=−2x=-2 时 yy 的值,将答案写成 peq+rp\mathrm{e}^q+r 的形式,其中 pp、qq、rr 为待求的整数。

(2)

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

这是二阶常系数非齐次微分方程。先解辅助方程得到 complementary function,再因为右边是二次多项式,设 particular integral 为二次多项式。

答题过程

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The auxiliary equation is

m2−8m+16=0\begin{align*} m^2-8m+16=0 \end{align*}

Hence

(m−4)2= 0m= 4\begin{align*} (m-4)^2=&\,0\\[4mm] m=&\,4 \end{align*}

So the complementary function is

yc=(A+Bx)e4x\begin{align*} y_c=(A+Bx)\mathrm{e}^{4x} \end{align*}

For a particular integral, let

yp=λx2+μx+ν\begin{align*} y_p=\lambda x^2+\mu x+\nu \end{align*}

Then

yp′= 2λx+μyp′′= 2λ\begin{align*} y_p'=&\,2\lambda x+\mu\\[4mm] y_p''=&\,2\lambda \end{align*}

Substitute into the differential equation:

2λ−8(2λx+μ)+16(λx2+μx+ν)= 48x2−34 16λx2+(−16λ+16μ)x +(2λ−8μ+16ν)=48x2−34\begin{align*} 2\lambda -8(2\lambda x+\mu) +16(\lambda x^2+\mu x+\nu) =&\, 48x^2-34\\[4mm] &\,16\lambda x^2 +(-16\lambda+16\mu)x\\[2mm] &\,\hspace{2pt} +(2\lambda-8\mu+16\nu) =48x^2-34 \end{align*}

Equating coefficients gives

16λ= 48−16λ+16μ= 02λ−8μ+16ν= −34\begin{align*} 16\lambda=&\,48\\[2mm] -16\lambda+16\mu=&\,0\\[2mm] 2\lambda-8\mu+16\nu=&\,-34 \end{align*}

Therefore

λ= 3μ= 32(3)−8(3)+16ν= −3416ν= −16ν= −1\begin{align*} \lambda=&\,3\\[2mm] \mu=&\,3\\[2mm] 2(3)-8(3)+16\nu=&\,-34\\[2mm] 16\nu=&\,-16\\[2mm] \nu=&\,-1 \end{align*}

So

yp=3x2+3x−1\begin{align*} y_p=3x^2+3x-1 \end{align*}

The general solution is

y=(A+Bx)e4x+3x2+3x−1\begin{align*} \boxed{ y=(A+Bx)\mathrm{e}^{4x}+3x^2+3x-1 } \end{align*}

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

先用 y(0)=4y(0)=4 求 AA。再对通解求导,用 y′(0)=21y'(0)=21 求 BB。指数部分求导时要用乘积法则。

答题过程

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Using y=4y=4 at x=0x=0,

4= (A+0)e0+3(0)2+3(0)−14= A−1A= 5\begin{align*} 4 =&\, (A+0)\mathrm{e}^{0}+3(0)^2+3(0)-1\\[4mm] 4=&\,A-1\\[4mm] A=&\,5 \end{align*}

Differentiate the general solution:

dydx= Be4x+4(A+Bx)e4x+6x+3\begin{align*} \frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x} =&\, B\mathrm{e}^{4x} +4(A+Bx)\mathrm{e}^{4x} +6x+3 \end{align*}

Using dydx=21\frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x}=21 at x=0x=0,

21= B+4A+321= B+4(5)+3B= −2\begin{align*} 21 =&\, B+4A+3\\[4mm] 21 =&\, B+4(5)+3\\[4mm] B=&\,-2 \end{align*}

Therefore the particular solution is

y=(5−2x)e4x+3x2+3x−1\begin{align*} \boxed{ y=(5-2x)\mathrm{e}^{4x}+3x^2+3x-1 } \end{align*}

(c)

解法一

思路

展开

这题的 “Hence” 表示直接使用 (b) 的 particular solution,把 x=−2x=-2 代入即可。最后要整理成 peq+rp\mathrm{e}^q+r。

答题过程

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Substitute x=−2x=-2 into the particular solution:

y= (5−2(−2))e4(−2)+3(−2)2+3(−2)−1= 9e−8+12−6−1= 9e−8+5\begin{align*} y =&\, (5-2(-2))\mathrm{e}^{4(-2)} +3(-2)^2+3(-2)-1\\[4mm] =&\, 9\mathrm{e}^{-8}+12-6-1\\[4mm] =&\, \boxed{9\mathrm{e}^{-8}+5} \end{align*}

So p=9p=9, q=−8q=-8 and r=5r=5.