Skip to content
CalcGospel 國際數學圖譜
返回

IAL 2024 Jan Q2

A Level / Edexcel / FP2

IAL 2024 Jan Paper · Question 2

题目

Problem

z=663i\begin{align*} z = 6 - 6\sqrt{3}\mathrm{i} \end{align*}

(a) (i) Determine the modulus of zz

(ii) Show that the argument of zz is π3-\frac{\pi}{3}

(3)

Using de Moivre’s theorem, and making your method clear,

(b) determine, in simplest form, z4z^4

(2)

(c) Determine the values of ww such that w2=zw^2 = z , giving your answers in the form a+iba + ib , where aa and bb are real numbers.

(3)

解答

(a)(i)

解法一

思路

展开

模长就是复平面上点 (6,63)(6,-6\sqrt3) 到原点的距离。

答题过程

展开 z=62+(63)2=36+108=144=12\begin{align*} |z| ={}& \sqrt{6^2+(-6\sqrt3)^2}\\[4mm] ={}& \sqrt{36+108}\\[4mm] ={}& \sqrt{144}\\[4mm] ={}& \boxed{12} \end{align*}

(a)(ii)

解法一

思路

展开

zz 的实部为正、虚部为负,所以在第四象限。参考角满足 tanα=3\tan\alpha=\sqrt3,因此参考角是 π3\frac{\pi}{3},argument 是负的。

答题过程

展开

Since z=663iz=6-6\sqrt3\mathrm{i} is in the fourth quadrant,

tanargz=636=3\begin{align*} \tan|\arg z| ={}& \left|\frac{-6\sqrt3}{6}\right|\\[4mm] ={}& \sqrt3 \end{align*}

Hence

argz=π3\begin{align*} |\arg z|={}&\frac{\pi}{3} \end{align*}

Therefore

argz=π3\begin{align*} \arg z=-\frac{\pi}{3} \end{align*}

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

先把 zz 写成模长-辐角形式,再用 De Moivre’s theorem。注意 z4z^4 的模长是 12412^4,辐角是 4(π3)4\left(-\frac{\pi}{3}\right)

答题过程

展开

From part (a),

z=12(cos(π3)+isin(π3))\begin{align*} z ={}& 12\left(\cos\left(-\frac{\pi}{3}\right) +\mathrm{i}\sin\left(-\frac{\pi}{3}\right)\right) \end{align*}

Using de Moivre’s theorem,

z4=124(cos(4π3)+isin(4π3))=20736(12+32i)=10368+103683i\begin{align*} z^4 ={}& 12^4\left(\cos\left(-\frac{4\pi}{3}\right) +\mathrm{i}\sin\left(-\frac{4\pi}{3}\right)\right)\\[4mm] ={}& 20736\left(-\frac12+\frac{\sqrt3}{2}\mathrm{i}\right)\\[4mm] ={}& \boxed{-10368+10368\sqrt3\,\mathrm{i}} \end{align*}

(c)

解法一

思路

展开

求平方根时,模长开平方,辐角减半。因为平方根有两个,另一个与第一个相差 π\pi,也就是取相反数。

答题过程

展开

Since

z=12(cos(π3)+isin(π3)),\begin{align*} z ={}& 12\left(\cos\left(-\frac{\pi}{3}\right) +\mathrm{i}\sin\left(-\frac{\pi}{3}\right)\right), \end{align*}

one square root is

w=12(cos(π6)+isin(π6))=23(3212i)=33i\begin{align*} w ={}& \sqrt{12}\left(\cos\left(-\frac{\pi}{6}\right) +\mathrm{i}\sin\left(-\frac{\pi}{6}\right)\right)\\[4mm] ={}& 2\sqrt3\left(\frac{\sqrt3}{2}-\frac12\mathrm{i}\right)\\[4mm] ={}& 3-\sqrt3\,\mathrm{i} \end{align*}

The other square root is its negative. Therefore

w=33iorw=3+3i\begin{align*} \boxed{w=3-\sqrt3\,\mathrm{i} \quad\text{or}\quad w=-3+\sqrt3\,\mathrm{i}} \end{align*}

解法二

思路

展开

也可以不用极形式,直接设 w=a+biw=a+b\mathrm{i},然后比较实部和虚部。这种方法更代数化,也能检查上面的答案。

答题过程

展开

Let

w=a+bi\begin{align*} w=a+b\mathrm{i} \end{align*}

Then

w2=(a+bi)2=a2b2+2abi\begin{align*} w^2 ={}& (a+b\mathrm{i})^2\\[4mm] ={}& a^2-b^2+2ab\mathrm{i} \end{align*}

Since w2=663iw^2=6-6\sqrt3\,\mathrm{i},

a2b2=62ab=63\begin{align*} a^2-b^2={}&6\\[2mm] 2ab={}&-6\sqrt3 \end{align*}

From 2ab=632ab=-6\sqrt3,

b=33a\begin{align*} b=-\frac{3\sqrt3}{a} \end{align*}

Substitute into a2b2=6a^2-b^2=6:

a227a2=6a427=6a2a46a227=0(a29)(a2+3)=0\begin{align*} a^2-\frac{27}{a^2}={}&6\\[4mm] a^4-27={}&6a^2\\[4mm] a^4-6a^2-27={}&0\\[4mm] (a^2-9)(a^2+3)={}&0 \end{align*}

So a2=9a^2=9, giving a=±3a=\pm 3. Correspondingly,

a=3b=3a=3b=3\begin{align*} a=3&\Rightarrow b=-\sqrt3\\ a=-3&\Rightarrow b=\sqrt3 \end{align*}

Therefore

w=33iorw=3+3i\begin{align*} \boxed{w=3-\sqrt3\,\mathrm{i} \quad\text{or}\quad w=-3+\sqrt3\,\mathrm{i}} \end{align*}