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FP2 2024 June Q5

A Level / Edexcel / FP2

IAL 2024 June Paper · Question 5

题目

Problem

5.

In this question you must show all stages of your working.

Solutions relying entirely on calculator technology are not acceptable.

Use algebra to determine the values of xx for which

x+1(x−3)(x+2)⩽ 1−2x−3\begin{align*} \frac{x + 1}{(x - 3)(x + 2)} \leqslant&\,1 - \frac{2}{x - 3} \end{align*}
(6)
题目中文翻译

本题必须展示所有计算步骤。

完全依赖计算器技术得出的解答不予接受。

使用代数方法,求出满足以下不等式的 xx 的取值范围:

x+1(x−3)(x+2)⩽ 1−2x−3.\begin{align*} \frac{x+1}{(x-3)(x+2)} \leqslant&\,1-\frac2{x-3}. \end{align*}
(6)

解答

解法一

思路

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分母含有 x−3x-3 和 x+2x+2,不能直接乘过去。先移到一边通分,再用临界点做符号分析。原式中 x=−2,3x=-2,3 不在定义域内。

答题过程

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The critical values from the denominator are

x=−2,x=3\begin{align*} x=-2,\qquad x=3 \end{align*}

Now bring all terms to the left-hand side:

x+1(x−3)(x+2)−1+2x−3⩽ 0x+1−(x−3)(x+2)+2(x+2)(x−3)(x+2)⩽ 0\begin{align*} \frac{x+1}{(x-3)(x+2)}-1+\frac{2}{x-3} \leqslant&\,0\\[4mm] \frac{x+1-(x-3)(x+2)+2(x+2)} {(x-3)(x+2)} \leqslant&\,0 \end{align*}

Simplify the numerator:

x+1−(x−3)(x+2)+2(x+2)= x+1−(x2−x−6)+2x+4= −x2+4x+11\begin{align*} x+1-(x-3)(x+2)+2(x+2) =&\, x+1-(x^2-x-6)+2x+4\\[4mm] =&\, -x^2+4x+11 \end{align*}

So

−x2+4x+11(x−3)(x+2)⩽ 0x2−4x−11(x−3)(x+2)⩾ 0\begin{align*} \frac{-x^2+4x+11}{(x-3)(x+2)} \leqslant&\,0\\[4mm] \frac{x^2-4x-11}{(x-3)(x+2)} \geqslant&\,0 \end{align*}

Solve the numerator:

x2−4x−11= 0x= 4±16+442x= 2±15\begin{align*} x^2-4x-11=&\,0\\[2mm] x=&\,\frac{4\pm\sqrt{16+44}}{2}\\[2mm] x=&\,2\pm\sqrt{15} \end{align*}

The critical values in order are

−2,2−15,3,2+15\begin{align*} -2,\qquad 2-\sqrt{15},\qquad 3,\qquad 2+\sqrt{15} \end{align*}

Let a=2−15a=2-\sqrt{15} and b=2+15b=2+\sqrt{15}. The expression to be tested is

(x−(2+15))(x−(2−15))(x−3)(x+2)\begin{align*} \frac{(x-(2+\sqrt{15}))(x-(2-\sqrt{15}))}{(x-3)(x+2)} \end{align*}

Both numerator and denominator have simple roots, so their signs on the five intervals are:

Intervalx2−4x−11x^2-4x-11(x−3)(x+2)(x-3)(x+2)Quotient
x<−2x<-2++++++
−2<x<a-2<x<a++−-−-
a<x<3a<x<3−-−-++
3<x<b3<x<b−-++−-
x>bx>b++++++

The numerator is zero at aa and bb, so these endpoints are included. The denominator is zero at −2-2 and 33, so these endpoints are excluded. Therefore the non-negative intervals are

x<−2,2−15⩽x<3,x⩾2+15\begin{align*} x<-2,\\[2mm] 2-\sqrt{15}\leqslant x<3,\\[2mm] x\geqslant 2+\sqrt{15} \end{align*}

Therefore

x<−2or2−15⩽x<3orx⩾2+15\begin{align*} \boxed{\begin{gathered} x<-2\\[2mm] \text{or}\quad 2-\sqrt{15}\leqslant x<3\\[2mm] \text{or}\quad x\geqslant 2+\sqrt{15} \end{gathered}} \end{align*}