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FP2 2025 June A Q6

A Level / Edexcel / FP2

IAL 2025 June A Paper · Question 6

题目

Problem

6.

In this question you must show all stages of your working.
Solutions relying on calculator technology are not acceptable.

The curve C1C_1 has equation

r=3+tan⁡θ0<θ<π2\begin{align*} r=\sqrt3+\tan\theta\qquad 0<\theta<\frac{\pi}{2} \end{align*}

The tangent to C1C_1 is perpendicular to the initial line at the point PP

(a) Use calculus to determine, in simplest form, the exact polar coordinates of PP

(4)

Figure 3 shows a sketch of part of the curve C1C_1 and part of the curve C2C_2

The curve C2C_2 is a circle with centre at the pole OO.

The curves C1C_1 and C2C_2 intersect at PP.

The region RR, shown shaded in Figure 3, is bounded by C1C_1, C2C_2 and the initial line.

(b) Use algebraic integration to determine the area of RR, giving the answer in the form

aπ+32(ln⁡b+c)\begin{align*} a\pi+\frac{\sqrt3}{2}(\ln b+c) \end{align*}

where aa, bb and cc are rational numbers.

(8)
题目中文翻译

本题必须展示所有解题步骤。不接受依赖计算器技术的解答。

曲线 C1C_1 的方程为

r=3+tan⁡θ,0<θ<π2\begin{align*} r=\sqrt3+\tan\theta,\qquad 0<\theta<\frac\pi2 \end{align*}

C1C_1 在点 PP 处的切线垂直于初始线。

(a) 利用微积分求 PP 的精确极坐标,化为最简形式。

(4)

图3给出了曲线 C1C_1 与曲线 C2C_2 的部分示意图。C2C_2 是以极点 OO 为圆心的圆,两曲线相交于 PP。

阴影区域 RR 由 C1C_1、C2C_2 和初始线围成。

(b) 用代数积分求区域 RR 的面积,并将答案写成

aπ+32(ln⁡b+c)\begin{align*} a\pi+\frac{\sqrt3}{2}(\ln b+c) \end{align*}

的形式,其中 aa、bb 和 cc 均为有理数。

(8)

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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切线垂直于初始线,表示切线是竖直的,所以用 x=rcos⁡θx=r\cos\theta,令 dxdθ=0\dfrac{\mathrm{d}x}{\mathrm{d}\theta}=0。这里 rr 是 θ\theta 的函数。

答题过程

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Since

x= rcos⁡θ= (3+tan⁡θ)cos⁡θ= 3cos⁡θ+sin⁡θ\begin{align*} x=&\,r\cos\theta\\[2mm] =&\,(\sqrt3+\tan\theta)\cos\theta\\[2mm] =&\,\sqrt3\cos\theta+\sin\theta \end{align*}

Differentiate with respect to θ\theta:

dxdθ= −3sin⁡θ+cos⁡θ\begin{align*} \frac{\mathrm{d}x}{\mathrm{d}\theta} =&\,-\sqrt3\sin\theta+\cos\theta \end{align*}

For a vertical tangent,

−3sin⁡θ+cos⁡θ= 0cos⁡θ= 3sin⁡θtan⁡θ= 13θ= π6\begin{align*} -\sqrt3\sin\theta+\cos\theta =&\,0\\[4mm] \cos\theta =&\,\sqrt3\sin\theta\\[4mm] \tan\theta =&\,\frac{1}{\sqrt3}\\[4mm] \theta =&\,\frac{\pi}{6} \end{align*}

Then

r= 3+tan⁡π6= 3+13= 43= 433\begin{align*} r =&\,\sqrt3+\tan\frac{\pi}{6}\\[4mm] =&\,\sqrt3+\frac{1}{\sqrt3}\\[4mm] =&\,\frac{4}{\sqrt3}\\[4mm] =&\,\frac{4\sqrt3}{3} \end{align*}

Therefore

P=(433,π6)\begin{align*} P=\Big(\frac{4\sqrt3}{3},\frac{\pi}{6}\Big) \end{align*}

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

C2C_2 是以原点为圆心、经过 PP 的圆,所以半径就是 PP 的 rr。阴影面积等于圆扇形面积减去 C1C_1 从 00 到 π/6\pi/6 下方的极坐标面积。

答题过程

展开

The radius of C2C_2 is

433\begin{align*} \frac{4\sqrt3}{3} \end{align*}

So the sector area is

12(433)2(π6)= 4π9\begin{align*} \frac12\Big(\frac{4\sqrt3}{3}\Big)^2\Big(\frac{\pi}{6}\Big) =&\,\frac{4\pi}{9} \end{align*}

For C1C_1,

12∫0π6r2 dθ= 12∫0π6(3+tan⁡θ)2 dθ= 12∫0π6(3+23tan⁡θ+tan⁡2θ) dθ= 12∫0π6(2+23tan⁡θ+sec⁡2θ) dθ\begin{align*} \frac12\int_0^{\frac{\pi}{6}}r^2\,\mathrm{d}\theta =&\,\frac12\int_0^{\frac{\pi}{6}} (\sqrt3+\tan\theta)^2\,\mathrm{d}\theta\\[4mm] =&\,\frac12\int_0^{\frac{\pi}{6}} (3+2\sqrt3\tan\theta+\tan^2\theta)\,\mathrm{d}\theta\\[4mm] =&\,\frac12\int_0^{\frac{\pi}{6}} (2+2\sqrt3\tan\theta+\sec^2\theta)\,\mathrm{d}\theta \end{align*}

Hence

12∫0π6r2 dθ= [θ−3ln⁡(cos⁡θ)+12tan⁡θ]0π6= π6−3ln⁡(32)+36\begin{align*} \frac12\int_0^{\frac{\pi}{6}}r^2\,\mathrm{d}\theta =&\,\Big[ \theta-\sqrt3\ln(\cos\theta)+\frac12\tan\theta \Big]_0^{\frac{\pi}{6}}\\[4mm] =&\,\frac{\pi}{6} -\sqrt3\ln\Big(\frac{\sqrt3}{2}\Big) +\frac{\sqrt3}{6} \end{align*}

Therefore

Area of R= 4π9−(π6−3ln⁡(32)+36)= 5π18+3ln⁡(32)−36= 5π18+32ln⁡(34)−36= 5π18+32(ln⁡(34)−13)\begin{align*} \text{Area of }R =&\,\frac{4\pi}{9} -\Big( \frac{\pi}{6} -\sqrt3\ln\Big(\frac{\sqrt3}{2}\Big) +\frac{\sqrt3}{6} \Big)\\[4mm] =&\,\frac{5\pi}{18} +\sqrt3\ln\Big(\frac{\sqrt3}{2}\Big) -\frac{\sqrt3}{6}\\[4mm] =&\,\frac{5\pi}{18} +\frac{\sqrt3}{2}\ln\Big(\frac34\Big) -\frac{\sqrt3}{6}\\[4mm] =&\,\frac{5\pi}{18} +\frac{\sqrt3}{2} \Big(\ln\Big(\frac34\Big)-\frac13\Big) \end{align*}

So

a=518,b=34,c=−13\begin{align*} a=\frac{5}{18},\qquad b=\frac34,\qquad c=-\frac13 \end{align*}