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FP2 2025 June Q1

A Level / Edexcel / FP2

IAL 2025 June Paper · Question 1

题目

Problem

1.

(a) Express −22−26 i-2\sqrt2-2\sqrt6\,\mathrm{i} in the form reiθr\mathrm{e}^{\mathrm{i}\theta} where −π<θ⩽π-\pi<\theta\leqslant\pi

(3)

(b) Hence solve

z5=−22−26 i\begin{align*} z^5=-2\sqrt2-2\sqrt6\,\mathrm{i} \end{align*}

Give your answers in the form p eiθ\sqrt{p}\,\mathrm{e}^{\mathrm{i}\theta} where p∈Z+p\in\mathbb{Z}^+ and −π<θ⩽π-\pi<\theta\leqslant\pi

(3)
题目中文翻译

(a) 将 −22−26 i-2\sqrt2-2\sqrt6\,\mathrm{i} 写成 reiθr\mathrm{e}^{\mathrm{i}\theta} 的形式,其中 −π<θ⩽π-\pi<\theta\leqslant\pi。

(3)

(b) 由此解方程

z5=−22−26 i.\begin{align*} z^5=-2\sqrt2-2\sqrt6\,\mathrm{i}. \end{align*}

答案写成 p eiθ\sqrt p\,\mathrm{e}^{\mathrm{i}\theta} 的形式,其中 p∈Z+p\in\mathbb Z^+,且 −π<θ⩽π-\pi<\theta\leqslant\pi。

(3)

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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先求模长,再判断象限。实部和虚部都为负,所以点在第三象限;但题目要求 −π<θ⩽π-\pi<\theta\leqslant\pi,因此用负角表示更自然。

答题过程

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Let

w=−22−26 i\begin{align*} w=-2\sqrt2-2\sqrt6\,\mathrm{i} \end{align*}

The modulus is

r= (−22)2+(−26)2= 8+24= 42\begin{align*} r =&\, \sqrt{(-2\sqrt2)^2+(-2\sqrt6)^2}\\[3mm] =&\, \sqrt{8+24}\\[3mm] =&\, 4\sqrt2 \end{align*}

For the argument,

tan⁡α= 2622= 3\begin{align*} \tan\alpha =&\, \frac{2\sqrt6}{2\sqrt2}\\[2mm] =&\, \sqrt3 \end{align*}

so

α=π3\begin{align*} \alpha=\frac{\pi}{3} \end{align*}

Since ww is in the third quadrant and −π<θ⩽π-\pi<\theta\leqslant\pi,

θ= −π+π3= −2π3\begin{align*} \theta =&\, -\pi+\frac{\pi}{3}\\[2mm] =&\, -\frac{2\pi}{3} \end{align*}

Therefore

−22−26 i=42 e−2π3i\begin{align*} \boxed{ -2\sqrt2-2\sqrt6\,\mathrm{i} =4\sqrt2\,\mathrm{e}^{-\frac{2\pi}{3}\mathrm{i}} } \end{align*}

(b)

解法一

思路

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由 (a),右边的模长是 42=25/24\sqrt2=2^{5/2}。开五次方后模长是 2\sqrt2。辐角要加上 2kπ2k\pi 后再除以 55,最后选出满足 −π<θ⩽π-\pi<\theta\leqslant\pi 的五个角。

答题过程

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From part (a),

z5= 42 e−2π3i\begin{align*} z^5 =&\, 4\sqrt2\,\mathrm{e}^{-\frac{2\pi}{3}\mathrm{i}} \end{align*}

Thus

z= (42)1/5ei(−2π3+2kπ5)= 2 ei(−2π15+2kπ5)\begin{align*} z =&\, (4\sqrt2)^{1/5} \mathrm{e}^{\mathrm{i}\bigg( \frac{-\frac{2\pi}{3}+2k\pi}{5} \bigg)}\\[4mm] =&\, \sqrt2\, \mathrm{e}^{\mathrm{i}\bigg( -\frac{2\pi}{15}+\frac{2k\pi}{5} \bigg)} \end{align*}

For k=0,1,2,3,4k=0,1,2,3,4, the arguments are

−2π15,4π15,10π15,16π15,22π15\begin{align*} -\frac{2\pi}{15},\quad \frac{4\pi}{15},\quad \frac{10\pi}{15},\quad \frac{16\pi}{15},\quad \frac{22\pi}{15} \end{align*}

Convert those outside −π<θ⩽π-\pi<\theta\leqslant\pi:

16π15−2π= −14π15,22π15−2π= −8π15\begin{align*} \frac{16\pi}{15}-2\pi =&\, -\frac{14\pi}{15},\\ \frac{22\pi}{15}-2\pi =&\, -\frac{8\pi}{15} \end{align*}

Therefore the five roots are

z1=2 e−14π15i,z2=2 e−8π15i,z3=2 e−2π15i,z4=2 e4π15i,z5=2 e2π3i\begin{align*} \boxed{\begin{gathered} z_1=\sqrt2\,\mathrm{e}^{-\frac{14\pi}{15}\mathrm{i}},\\[3mm] z_2=\sqrt2\,\mathrm{e}^{-\frac{8\pi}{15}\mathrm{i}},\\[3mm] z_3=\sqrt2\,\mathrm{e}^{-\frac{2\pi}{15}\mathrm{i}},\\[3mm] z_4=\sqrt2\,\mathrm{e}^{\frac{4\pi}{15}\mathrm{i}},\\[3mm] z_5=\sqrt2\,\mathrm{e}^{\frac{2\pi}{3}\mathrm{i}} \end{gathered}} \end{align*}