题目
Problem
8.
In this question you must show all stages of your working.
Solutions relying entirely on calculator technology are not acceptable.
Figure 2 shows a sketch of the curve C with equation
y=∣x∣+415x
and the line l with equation y=x−2
(a) Use algebra to determine the exact values of x for which
x−2>∣x∣+415x
(6)
(b) Hence use algebra to determine the exact values of x for which
∣x−2∣>∣x∣+415x
(4)
题目中文翻译
本题必须展示所有计算步骤。
完全依赖计算器技术得出的解答不予接受。
图 2 是曲线 C 和直线 l 的示意图,其中曲线 C 的方程为
y=∣x∣+415x,
直线 l 的方程为 y=x−2。
(a) 使用代数方法,求满足
x−2>∣x∣+415x
的 x 的精确取值范围。
(6)
(b) 由此使用代数方法,求满足
∣x−2∣>∣x∣+415x
的 x 的精确取值范围。
(4)
解答
(a)
解法一
思路
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绝对值在 x=0 处分段。分别处理 x>0 和 x<0,因为 ∣x∣+4 始终为正,所以分母可以安全乘过去。最后根据每段的条件保留合适区间。
答题过程
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For x>0,
∣x∣=x
so
x−2>x+415x
Since x+4>0,
(x−2)(x+4)>x2+2x−8>x2−13x−8>15x15x0
The roots of x2−13x−8=0 are
x==213±132+32213±201
Since x>0, this gives
x>213+201
For x<0,
∣x∣=−x
so
x−2>−x+415x
Since −x+4>0,
(x−2)(−x+4)>−x2+6x−8>x2+9x+8<(x+8)(x+1)<15x15x00
Thus
−8<x<−1
At x=0, the original inequality becomes −2>0, which is false.
Therefore
−8<x<−1orx>213+201
(b)
解法一
思路
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按 x<0、0⩽x<2 和 x⩾2 分段。当 x<0 时,(a) 中不等式两侧都为负,取绝对值后比较方向相反,因此要选取 (a) 的两个负交点之外的区间。中间一段使用 ∣x−2∣=2−x,而 x⩾2 时可以直接沿用 (a) 的正数部分。
答题过程
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Since ∣x∣+4>0, consider three cases.
For x<0, we have ∣x−2∣=2−x and ∣15x∣=−15x. Thus
2−x>x−2<4−x−15x,4−x15x.
This reverses the comparison in the negative case of part (a). As 4−x>0,
(x−2)(4−x)<−x2+6x−8<x2+9x+8>(x+8)(x+1)>15x,15x,0,0.
Using the same critical values −8 and −1, and restricting to x<0, gives
x<−8or−1<x<0.
For 0⩽x<2, we have ∣x−2∣=2−x and ∣15x∣=15x. Hence
2−x>(2−x)(x+4)>−x2−2x+8>x2+17x−8<x+415x,15x,15x,0.
The roots of the quadratic are
x==2−17±172+322−17±321.
The quadratic is negative between its roots. Intersecting with 0⩽x<2 gives
0⩽x<2−17+321.
For x⩾2, the inequality is
x−2>x+415x.
This is the positive case of part (a), giving
x>213+201.
Combining the three cases, including x=0 in the middle interval, the solution is
x<−8or−1<x<2−17+321orx>213+201.