Skip to content
CalcGospel 國際數學圖譜
返回

IAL 2021 Oct FP3 Q7

A Level / Edexcel / FP3

IAL 2021 Oct Paper · Question 7

题目

Problem

A hyperbola HH has equation

x2a2y225=1\frac{x^2}{a^2} - \frac{y^2}{25} = 1

where aa is a positive constant.

The eccentricity of HH is ee.

(a) Determine an expression for e2e^2 in terms of aa.

The line ll is the directrix of HH for which x>0x > 0. The points AA and AA' are the points of intersection of ll with the asymptotes of HH.

(b) Determine, in terms of ee, the length of the line segment AAAA'.

The point FF is the focus of HH for which x<0x < 0. Given that the area of triangle AFAAFA' is 1643\frac{164}{3},

(c) show that aa is a solution of the equation

30a3164a2+375a4100=0.30a^3 - 164a^2 + 375a - 4100 = 0.

(d) Hence, using algebra and making your reasoning clear, show that the only possible value of aa is

203.\frac{20}{3}.
(11)
题目中文翻译

双曲线 HH 的方程为

x2a2y225=1\frac{x^2}{a^2} - \frac{y^2}{25} = 1

其中 aa 为正常数。

HH 的离心率为 ee

(a) 求 e2e^2 关于 aa 的表达式。

直线 llHHx>0x>0 时对应的准线。 点 AAAA'llHH 的渐近线的交点。

(b) 用 ee 表示线段 AAAA' 的长度。

FFHHx<0x<0 时对应的焦点。 已知三角形 AFAAFA' 的面积为 1643\frac{164}{3}

(c) 证明 aa 满足方程

30a3164a2+375a4100=030a^3 - 164a^2 + 375a - 4100 = 0

(d) 因此,利用代数并写清推理,证明 aa 的唯一可能值为

203\frac{20}{3}

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

对标准双曲线 x2a2y2b2=1\frac{x^2}{a^2}-\frac{y^2}{b^2}=1,有 b2=a2(e21)b^2=a^2(e^2-1)。本题 b=5b=5,代入后整理即可。

答题过程

展开

For a hyperbola,

b2=a2(e21).b^2=a^2(e^2-1).

Since b=5b=5,

25=a2(e21),e2=1+25a2.\begin{align*} 25=&\,a^2(e^2-1), \\ e^2=&\,1+\frac{25}{a^2}. \end{align*}

Therefore,

e2=a2+25a2.\boxed{e^2=\frac{a^2+25}{a^2}}.

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

正半轴一侧的准线为 x=aex=\frac{a}{e},两条渐近线为 y=±5axy=\pm\frac{5}{a}x。将准线的 xx 坐标代入渐近线,求出 A,AA,A' 的纵坐标,再取两者之差。

答题过程

展开

The directrix for which x>0x>0 is

x=ae,x=\frac{a}{e},

and the asymptotes are

y=±5ax.y=\pm\frac{5}{a}x.

At x=aex=\frac{a}{e},

y=±5e.y=\pm\frac{5}{e}.

Hence

AA=5e(5e)=10e.\begin{align*} AA'=&\,\frac{5}{e}-\bigg(-\frac{5}{e}\bigg) \\ =&\,\boxed{\frac{10}{e}}. \end{align*}

(c)

解法一

思路

展开

以竖直线段 AAAA' 为底,底长由 (b) 得到;左焦点为 F=(ae,0)F=(-ae,0),它到右准线 x=aex=\frac{a}{e} 的水平距离就是高。列出三角形面积后,用 (a) 的 e2e^2 消去 ee,再整理成题目指定的三次方程。

答题过程

展开

The focus for which x<0x<0 is

F=(ae,0).F=(-ae,0).

The perpendicular distance from FF to the directrix x=aex=\frac{a}{e} is

ae+ae.ae+\frac{a}{e}.

Using AA=10eAA'=\frac{10}{e}, the area condition gives

12(10e)(ae+ae)=1643,5a(1+1e2)=1643.\begin{align*} \frac12\bigg(\frac{10}{e}\bigg) \bigg(ae+\frac{a}{e}\bigg) =&\,\frac{164}{3}, \\ 5a\bigg(1+\frac1{e^2}\bigg) =&\,\frac{164}{3}. \end{align*}

From part (a),

1e2=a2a2+25.\frac1{e^2}=\frac{a^2}{a^2+25}.

Therefore,

15a(1+a2a2+25)=164,15a(2a2+25)=164(a2+25),30a3164a2+375a4100=0.\begin{align*} 15a\bigg(1+\frac{a^2}{a^2+25}\bigg) =&\,164, \\ 15a(2a^2+25) =&\,164(a^2+25), \\ 30a^3-164a^2+375a-4100 =&\,0. \end{align*}

Thus aa is a solution of

30a3164a2+375a4100=0.\boxed{30a^3-164a^2+375a-4100=0}.

(d)

解法一:因式分解与判别式

思路

展开

承接 (c) 的三次方程,把已知候选根 203\frac{20}{3} 对应的因式 3a203a-20 提出。剩余二次因式的判别式为负,因此没有其他实根,更不可能有其他正实根。

答题过程

展开

The equation from part (c) factorises as

30a3164a2+375a4100=(3a20)(10a2+12a+205).\begin{align*} &\,30a^3-164a^2+375a-4100 \\ =&\,(3a-20)(10a^2+12a+205). \end{align*}

For the quadratic factor, the discriminant is

Δ=1224(10)(205)=8056<0.\begin{align*} \Delta =&\,12^2-4(10)(205) \\ =&\,-8056<0. \end{align*}

Hence 10a2+12a+20510a^2+12a+205 has no real roots. Since aa is real and positive, the only possible root comes from 3a20=03a-20=0. Therefore,

a=203.\boxed{a=\frac{20}{3}}.

解法二:证明三次函数严格递增

思路

展开

官方评分资料也允许用导数排除其他根。先代入确认 203\frac{20}{3} 是根,再证明 (c) 左边对应的三次函数在整个实数范围内严格递增;严格递增函数至多有一个零点。

答题过程

展开

Let

f(a)=30a3164a2+375a4100.f(a)=30a^3-164a^2+375a-4100.

Substitution gives

f(203)=800009656009+25004100=0.\begin{align*} f\bigg(\frac{20}{3}\bigg) =&\,\frac{80000}{9}-\frac{65600}{9} \\ &\,+2500-4100 \\ =&\,0. \end{align*}

Also,

f(a)=90a2328a+375=90(a8245)2+342745>0\begin{align*} f'(a) =&\,90a^2-328a+375 \\ =&\,90\bigg(a-\frac{82}{45}\bigg)^2 +\frac{3427}{45} \\ >&\,0 \end{align*}

for every real aa. Thus ff is strictly increasing and can have at most one real root. Consequently, the only possible value is

a=203.\boxed{a=\frac{20}{3}}.