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IAL 2022 Jan FP3 Q5

A Level / Edexcel / FP3

IAL 2022 Jan Paper · Question 5

题目

Problem

Determine

(i)

1x23x+5dx\int\frac{1}{\sqrt{x^2-3x+5}}\,\mathrm{d}x
(3)

(ii)

163+4x4x2dx\int\frac{1}{\sqrt{63+4x-4x^2}}\,\mathrm{d}x
(4)
题目中文翻译

求下列积分:

(i)

1x23x+5dx\int\frac{1}{\sqrt{x^2-3x+5}}\,\mathrm{d}x

(ii)

163+4x4x2dx\int\frac{1}{\sqrt{63+4x-4x^2}}\,\mathrm{d}x

解答

(i)

解法一:写成反双曲正弦

思路

展开

先对二次式配方,把根式化成 u2+a2\sqrt{u^2+a^2} 的标准结构,再使用 11+u2du=arsinhu+C\int\frac{1}{\sqrt{1+u^2}}\,\mathrm{d}u=\operatorname{arsinh}u+C

答题过程

展开

Completing the square,

x23x+5=(x32)2+114.x^2-3x+5 =\bigg(x-\frac32\bigg)^2+\frac{11}{4}.

Let

u=2x311,dx=112du.u=\frac{2x-3}{\sqrt{11}}, \qquad \mathrm{d}x=\frac{\sqrt{11}}{2}\,\mathrm{d}u.

Then

1x23x+5dx=11+u2du=arsinh(2x311)+C.\begin{align*} \int\frac{1}{\sqrt{x^2-3x+5}}\,\mathrm{d}x =&\,\int\frac{1}{\sqrt{1+u^2}}\,\mathrm{d}u \\ =&\,\boxed{ \operatorname{arsinh}\bigg(\frac{2x-3}{\sqrt{11}}\bigg)+C }. \end{align*}

解法二:写成自然对数

思路

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在相同的配方基础上,使用 arsinhu=ln(u+u2+1)\operatorname{arsinh}u=\ln\bigl(u+\sqrt{u^2+1}\bigr),即可把官方接受的答案改写成纯对数形式。

答题过程

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Using

arsinhu=ln(u+u2+1),\operatorname{arsinh}u =\ln\bigl(u+\sqrt{u^2+1}\bigr),

the answer from the first method becomes

arsinh(2x311)+C=ln(2x3+2x23x+5)+C.\begin{align*} &\,\operatorname{arsinh} \bigg(\frac{2x-3}{\sqrt{11}}\bigg)+C \\ =&\,\ln\bigl(2x-3 +2\sqrt{x^2-3x+5}\bigr)+C. \end{align*}

Thus an equivalent answer is

ln(2x3+2x23x+5)+C.\boxed{ \ln\bigl(2x-3+2\sqrt{x^2-3x+5}\bigr)+C }.

(ii)

解法一

思路

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先配方得到 64(2x1)264-(2x-1)^2,再令 u=2x18u=\frac{2x-1}{8},把积分化成 11u2du\int\frac{1}{\sqrt{1-u^2}}\,\mathrm{d}u 的标准反正弦形式。

答题过程

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Completing the square,

63+4x4x2=64(2x1)2.63+4x-4x^2=64-(2x-1)^2.

Let

u=2x18,dx=4du.u=\frac{2x-1}{8}, \qquad \mathrm{d}x=4\,\mathrm{d}u.

Therefore,

163+4x4x2dx=1211u2du=12sin1(2x18)+C.\begin{align*} \int\frac{1}{\sqrt{63+4x-4x^2}}\,\mathrm{d}x =&\,\frac12\int\frac{1}{\sqrt{1-u^2}}\,\mathrm{d}u \\ =&\,\boxed{ \frac12\sin^{-1}\bigg(\frac{2x-1}{8}\bigg)+C }. \end{align*}