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IAL 2023 June FP3 Q8

A Level / Edexcel / FP3

IAL 2023 June Paper · Question 8

题目

Problem

(a) Differentiate xarcosh(5x)x\,\operatorname{arcosh}(5x) with respect to xx

(b) Hence, or otherwise, show that

1/43/5arcosh(5x)dx=320225+ln(p+q2)k14lnr\int_{1/4}^{3/5}\operatorname{arcosh}(5x)\,dx =\frac{3}{20}-\frac{2\sqrt2}{5}+\ln(p+q\sqrt2)^{\,k}-\frac14\ln r

where pp, qq, rr and kk are rational numbers to be determined.

(10)
题目中文翻译

(a) 对 xarcosh(5x)x\,\operatorname{arcosh}(5x) 关于 xx 求导

(b) 因此,或者用其他方法,证明

1/43/5arcosh(5x)dx=320225+ln(p+q2)k14lnr\int_{1/4}^{3/5}\operatorname{arcosh}(5x)\,dx =\frac{3}{20}-\frac{2\sqrt2}{5}+\ln(p+q\sqrt2)^{\,k}-\frac14\ln r

其中 ppqqrrkk 为待定有理数。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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使用乘积法则,并结合 ddxarcosh(u)=uu21\frac{\mathrm{d}}{\mathrm{d}x}\operatorname{arcosh}(u)=\frac{u'}{\sqrt{u^2-1}}。这里内层函数是 u=5xu=5x,求导时不要漏掉因子 5。

答题过程

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Using the product rule,

ddx[xarcosh(5x)]=arcosh(5x)+x5(5x)21=arcosh(5x)+5x25x21.\begin{align*} \frac{\mathrm{d}}{\mathrm{d}x} \bigl[x\operatorname{arcosh}(5x)\bigr] =&\,\operatorname{arcosh}(5x) \\ &\,+x\cdot\frac{5}{\sqrt{(5x)^2-1}} \\ =&\,\boxed{ \operatorname{arcosh}(5x) +\frac{5x}{\sqrt{25x^2-1}} }. \end{align*}

(b)

解法一:承接 (a)

思路

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将 (a) 的导数公式移项,便可把被积函数表示成一个乘积的导数减去根式积分。求出原函数后代入上下限,再把两个 arcosh\operatorname{arcosh} 值化为对数,最后严格整理成题目指定的形式并读出 p,q,r,kp,q,r,k

答题过程

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From part (a),

arcosh(5x)=ddx[xarcosh(5x)]5x25x21.\operatorname{arcosh}(5x) =\frac{\mathrm{d}}{\mathrm{d}x} \bigl[x\operatorname{arcosh}(5x)\bigr] -\frac{5x}{\sqrt{25x^2-1}}.

Therefore,

arcosh(5x)dx=xarcosh(5x)5x25x21dx=xarcosh(5x)1525x21+C.\begin{align*} \int\operatorname{arcosh}(5x)\,\mathrm{d}x =&\,x\operatorname{arcosh}(5x) \\ &\,-\int\frac{5x}{\sqrt{25x^2-1}}\,\mathrm{d}x \\ =&\,x\operatorname{arcosh}(5x) -\frac15\sqrt{25x^2-1}+C. \end{align*}

Hence

1/43/5arcosh(5x)dx=[xarcosh(5x)1525x21]1/43/5=35arcosh(3)22514arcosh(54)+320.\begin{align*} \int_{1/4}^{3/5} \operatorname{arcosh}(5x)\,\mathrm{d}x =&\,\biggl[ x\operatorname{arcosh}(5x) -\frac15\sqrt{25x^2-1} \biggr]_{1/4}^{3/5} \\ =&\,\frac35\operatorname{arcosh}(3) -\frac{2\sqrt2}{5} \\ &\,-\frac14\operatorname{arcosh}\biggl(\frac54\biggr) +\frac{3}{20}. \end{align*}

For t1t\ge1,

arcosh(t)=ln(t+t21).\operatorname{arcosh}(t) =\ln\bigl(t+\sqrt{t^2-1}\bigr).

Thus

arcosh(3)=ln(3+8)=ln(3+22),\begin{align*} \operatorname{arcosh}(3) =&\,\ln\bigl(3+\sqrt8\bigr) \\ =&\,\ln\bigl(3+2\sqrt2\bigr), \end{align*}

and

arcosh(54)=ln(54+25161)=ln(54+34)=ln2.\begin{align*} \operatorname{arcosh}\biggl(\frac54\biggr) =&\,\ln\biggl( \frac54+\sqrt{\frac{25}{16}-1} \biggr) \\ =&\,\ln\biggl(\frac54+\frac34\biggr) \\ =&\,\ln2. \end{align*}

Consequently,

1/43/5arcosh(5x)dx=320225+35ln(3+22)14ln2=320225+ln(3+22)3/514ln2.\begin{align*} \int_{1/4}^{3/5} \operatorname{arcosh}(5x)\,\mathrm{d}x =&\,\frac{3}{20}-\frac{2\sqrt2}{5} \\ &\,+\frac35\ln\bigl(3+2\sqrt2\bigr) -\frac14\ln2 \\ =&\,\frac{3}{20}-\frac{2\sqrt2}{5} \\ &\,+\ln\bigl(3+2\sqrt2\bigr)^{3/5} -\frac14\ln2. \end{align*}

Comparing this with the required form gives

p=3,q=2,r=2,k=35.\boxed{ p=3, \qquad q=2, \qquad r=2, \qquad k=\frac35 }.