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IAL 2024 Jan FP3 Q1

A Level / Edexcel / FP3

IAL 2024 Jan Paper · Question 1

题目

Problem

In this question you must show all stages of your working.

Solutions relying entirely on calculator technology are not acceptable.

(i) Show that

443816+x2dx=pπ\int_4^{4\sqrt3} \frac{8}{16+x^2}\,dx = p\pi

where pp is a rational number to be determined.

(ii) Determine the exact value of kk for which

3/4k294x2dx=π12\int_{3/4}^{k}\frac{2}{\sqrt{9-4x^2}}\,dx=\frac{\pi}{12}
(7)
题目中文翻译

本题中你必须写出所有解题步骤。

完全依赖计算器技术的解法不予接受。

(i) 证明

443816+x2dx=pπ\int_4^{4\sqrt3} \frac{8}{16+x^2}\,dx = p\pi

其中 pp 为待定有理数。

(ii) 求满足下式的 kk 的精确值:

3/4k294x2dx=π12\int_{3/4}^{k}\frac{2}{\sqrt{9-4x^2}}\,dx=\frac{\pi}{12}

解答

(i)

解法一

思路

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把分母识别为 42+x24^2+x^2,使用反正切积分公式。代入上下限后,两个反正切值都是特殊角,因此能够得到 π\pi 的有理数倍。

答题过程

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Using

1a2+x2dx=1aarctan(xa)+C,\int\frac{1}{a^2+x^2}\,\mathrm{d}x =\frac1a\arctan\biggl(\frac{x}{a}\biggr)+C,

we have

443816+x2dx=2[arctan(x4)]443=2(arctan3arctan1)=2(π3π4)=π6.\begin{align*} \int_4^{4\sqrt3}\frac{8}{16+x^2}\,\mathrm{d}x =&\,2\biggl[ \arctan\biggl(\frac{x}{4}\biggr) \biggr]_4^{4\sqrt3} \\ =&\,2\bigl(\arctan\sqrt3-\arctan1\bigr) \\ =&\,2\biggl(\frac{\pi}{3}-\frac{\pi}{4}\biggr) \\ =&\,\frac{\pi}{6}. \end{align*}

Therefore,

p=16.\boxed{p=\frac16}.

(ii)

解法一

思路

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u=2xu=2x,可把积分化成标准的反正弦积分。代入下限时得到 arcsin(1/2)=π/6\arcsin(1/2)=\pi/6,再解关于上限 kk 的方程,并检查所得值位于被积函数允许的范围内。

答题过程

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Let u=2xu=2x, so that du=2dx\mathrm{d}u=2\,\mathrm{d}x. Then

294x2dx=19u2du=arcsin(u3)+C=arcsin(2x3)+C.\begin{align*} \int\frac{2}{\sqrt{9-4x^2}}\,\mathrm{d}x =&\,\int\frac{1}{\sqrt{9-u^2}}\,\mathrm{d}u \\ =&\,\arcsin\biggl(\frac{u}{3}\biggr)+C \\ =&\,\arcsin\biggl(\frac{2x}{3}\biggr)+C. \end{align*}

Hence

3/4k294x2dx=arcsin(2k3)arcsin(12)=arcsin(2k3)π6.\begin{align*} \int_{3/4}^{k}\frac{2}{\sqrt{9-4x^2}}\,\mathrm{d}x =&\,\arcsin\biggl(\frac{2k}{3}\biggr) -\arcsin\biggl(\frac12\biggr) \\ =&\,\arcsin\biggl(\frac{2k}{3}\biggr)-\frac{\pi}{6}. \end{align*}

Using the given value of the integral,

arcsin(2k3)π6=π12,arcsin(2k3)=π4,2k3=sinπ4=22.\begin{align*} \arcsin\biggl(\frac{2k}{3}\biggr)-\frac{\pi}{6} =&\,\frac{\pi}{12}, \\ \arcsin\biggl(\frac{2k}{3}\biggr) =&\,\frac{\pi}{4}, \\ \frac{2k}{3} =&\,\sin\frac{\pi}{4}=\frac{\sqrt2}{2}. \end{align*}

Therefore,

k=324.\boxed{k=\frac{3\sqrt2}{4}}.

This value satisfies 3/4<k<3/23/4<k<3/2, so the integrand is real and finite throughout the interval of integration.