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IAL 2024 Jan FP3 Q8

A Level / Edexcel / FP3

IAL 2024 Jan Paper · Question 8

题目

Problem

In this question you must show all stages of your working.

Solutions relying entirely on calculator technology are not acceptable.

Figure 2 shows a sketch of part of the curve CC with equation y2=8xy^2=8x and part of the line ll with equation x=18x=18

The region RR, shown shaded in Figure 2, is bounded by CC and ll

(a) Show that the perimeter of RR is given by

α+20β1+y216dy\alpha+2\int_0^{\beta}\sqrt{1+\frac{y^2}{16}}\,dy

where α\alpha and β\beta are positive constants to be determined.

(b) Use the substitution y=4sinhuy=4\sinh u and algebraic integration to determine the exact perimeter of RR, giving your answer in simplest form.

(9)
题目中文翻译

本题中你必须写出所有解题步骤。

完全依赖计算器技术的解法不予接受。

图 2 给出了曲线 CC 的一部分草图,其方程为 y2=8xy^2=8x,以及直线 ll 的一部分,其方程为 x=18x=18

所示阴影区域 RRCCll 围成

(a) 证明 RR 的周长可表示为

α+20β1+y216dy\alpha+2\int_0^{\beta}\sqrt{1+\frac{y^2}{16}}\,dy

其中 α\alphaβ\beta 为待定正数。

(b) 使用代换 y=4sinhuy=4\sinh u 以及代数积分求 RR 的精确周长,答案写成最简形式。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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把抛物线写成 x=y2/8x=y^2/8,以 yy 为变量使用弧长公式。直线 x=18x=18 与抛物线交于 y=±12y=\pm12;边界包括长度为 2424 的竖直线段,以及关于 xx 轴对称的两段抛物线弧。

答题过程

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From y2=8xy^2=8x,

x=y28,dxdy=y4.x=\frac{y^2}{8}, \qquad \frac{\mathrm{d}x}{\mathrm{d}y}=\frac y4.

At x=18x=18,

y2=8(18)=144,y^2=8(18)=144,

so the points of intersection have y=±12y=\pm12. The vertical part of the boundary therefore has length

12(12)=24.12-(-12)=24.

The length of the upper curved part is

0121+(dxdy)2dy=0121+y216dy.\begin{align*} \int_0^{12} \sqrt{1+\biggl(\frac{\mathrm{d}x}{\mathrm{d}y}\biggr)^2} \,\mathrm{d}y =&\,\int_0^{12} \sqrt{1+\frac{y^2}{16}}\,\mathrm{d}y. \end{align*}

By symmetry, the two curved parts have equal length. Hence

Perimeter(R)=24+20121+y216dy.\begin{align*} \operatorname{Perimeter}(R) =&\,24 \\ +&\,2\int_0^{12} \sqrt{1+\frac{y^2}{16}}\,\mathrm{d}y. \end{align*}

Therefore,

α=24,β=12.\boxed{\alpha=24,\qquad\beta=12}.

(b)

解法一:使用双角恒等式积分

思路

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按照题目指定令 y=4sinhuy=4\sinh u。根式化为 coshu\cosh u,并与 dy=4coshudu\mathrm{d}y=4\cosh u\,\mathrm{d}u 合并成 4cosh2u4\cosh^2u;再用双角恒等式积分。上限由 sinhU=3\sinh U=3 确定。

答题过程

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Let

y=4sinhu.y=4\sinh u.

Then

dy=4coshudu.\mathrm{d}y=4\cosh u\,\mathrm{d}u.

When y=0y=0, u=0u=0. When y=12y=12, let u=Uu=U, where

sinhU=3.\sinh U=3.

Thus

U=arsinh3=ln(3+10).U=\operatorname{arsinh}3 =\ln(3+\sqrt{10}).

Let

J=0121+y216dy.J=\int_0^{12}\sqrt{1+\frac{y^2}{16}}\,\mathrm{d}y.

Since coshu>0\cosh u>0,

1+sinh2u=coshu.\sqrt{1+\sinh^2u}=\cosh u.

Therefore,

J=40Ucosh2udu=40U1+cosh2u2du=[2u+sinh2u]0U.\begin{align*} J =&\,4\int_0^U\cosh^2u\,\mathrm{d}u \\ =&\,4\int_0^U \frac{1+\cosh2u}{2}\,\mathrm{d}u \\ =&\,\bigl[2u+\sinh2u\bigr]_0^U. \end{align*}

Also,

coshU=1+sinh2U=10,sinh2U=2sinhUcoshU=610.\begin{align*} \cosh U =&\,\sqrt{1+\sinh^2U} \\ =&\,\sqrt{10}, \\ \sinh2U =&\,2\sinh U\cosh U \\ =&\,6\sqrt{10}. \end{align*}

Hence

J=610+2ln(3+10).J=6\sqrt{10}+2\ln(3+\sqrt{10}).

Using part (a),

Perimeter(R)=24+2J=24+1210+4ln(3+10).\begin{align*} \operatorname{Perimeter}(R) =&\,24+2J \\ =&\,24+12\sqrt{10} \\ +&\,4\ln(3+\sqrt{10}). \end{align*}

Therefore, the exact perimeter is

24+1210+4ln(3+10).\boxed{24+12\sqrt{10}+4\ln(3+\sqrt{10})}.

解法二:展开为指数函数积分

思路

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仍使用题目指定的双曲正弦代换,但将 cosh2u\cosh^2u 展开为指数函数后逐项积分。利用 eU=3+10e^U=3+\sqrt{10}eU=103e^{-U}=\sqrt{10}-3 化简端点值。

答题过程

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As in the first method, set y=4sinhuy=4\sinh u and

U=arsinh3=ln(3+10).U=\operatorname{arsinh}3 =\ln(3+\sqrt{10}).

Then

J=40Ucosh2udu.J=4\int_0^U\cosh^2u\,\mathrm{d}u.

Using the exponential definition of coshu\cosh u,

4cosh2u=(eu+eu)2=e2u+2+e2u.\begin{align*} 4\cosh^2u =&\,(e^u+e^{-u})^2 \\ =&\,e^{2u}+2+e^{-2u}. \end{align*}

Therefore,

J=0U(e2u+2+e2u)du=[12e2u+2u12e2u]0U=12(e2Ue2U)+2U.\begin{align*} J =&\,\int_0^U \bigl(e^{2u}+2+e^{-2u}\bigr)\,\mathrm{d}u \\ =&\,\biggl[ \frac12e^{2u}+2u-\frac12e^{-2u} \biggr]_0^U \\ =&\,\frac12\bigl(e^{2U}-e^{-2U}\bigr)+2U. \end{align*}

Since

eU=3+10,eU=103,e^U=3+\sqrt{10}, \qquad e^{-U}=\sqrt{10}-3,

we have

e2Ue2U=(eUeU)(eU+eU)=6(210)=1210.\begin{align*} e^{2U}-e^{-2U} =&\,(e^U-e^{-U})(e^U+e^{-U}) \\ =&\,6(2\sqrt{10}) \\ =&\,12\sqrt{10}. \end{align*}

Thus

J=610+2ln(3+10).J=6\sqrt{10}+2\ln(3+\sqrt{10}).

Consequently,

Perimeter(R)=24+1210+4ln(3+10).\boxed{ \operatorname{Perimeter}(R) =24+12\sqrt{10}+4\ln(3+\sqrt{10}) }.