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FP3 2024 Jan Q8

A Level / Edexcel / FP3

IAL 2024 Jan Paper · Question 8

题目

Problem

8.

In this question you must show all stages of your working.

Solutions relying entirely on calculator technology are not acceptable.

Figure 2 shows a sketch of part of the curve CC with equation y2=8xy^2=8x and part of the line ll with equation x=18x=18

The region RR, shown shaded in Figure 2, is bounded by CC and ll

(a) Show that the perimeter of RR is given by

α+2∫0β1+y216 dy\alpha+2\int_0^{\beta}\sqrt{1+\frac{y^2}{16}}\,\mathrm{d}y

where α\alpha and β\beta are positive constants to be determined.

(3)

(b) Use the substitution y=4sinh⁡uy=4\sinh u and algebraic integration to determine the exact perimeter of RR, giving your answer in simplest form.

(6)
题目中文翻译

8.

本题中你必须写出所有解题步骤。

完全依赖计算器技术的解法不予接受。

图 2 给出了曲线 CC 的一部分草图,其方程为 y2=8xy^2=8x,以及直线 ll 的一部分,其方程为 x=18x=18

所示阴影区域 RR 由 CC 与 ll 围成

(a) 证明 RR 的周长可表示为

α+2∫0β1+y216 dy\alpha+2\int_0^{\beta}\sqrt{1+\frac{y^2}{16}}\,\mathrm{d}y

其中 α\alpha 和 β\beta 为待定正数。

(3)

(b) 使用代换 y=4sinh⁡uy=4\sinh u 以及代数积分求 RR 的精确周长,答案写成最简形式。

(6)

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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把抛物线写成 x=y2/8x=y^2/8,以 yy 为变量使用弧长公式。直线 x=18x=18 与抛物线交于 y=±12y=\pm12;边界包括长度为 2424 的竖直线段,以及关于 xx 轴对称的两段抛物线弧。

答题过程

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From y2=8xy^2=8x,

x=y28,dxdy=y4.x=\frac{y^2}{8}, \qquad \frac{\mathrm{d}x}{\mathrm{d}y}=\frac y4.

At x=18x=18,

y2=8(18)=144,y^2=8(18)=144,

so the points of intersection have y=±12y=\pm12. The vertical part of the boundary therefore has length

12−(−12)=24.12-(-12)=24.

The length of the upper curved part is

∫0121+(dxdy)2 dy= ∫0121+y216 dy.\begin{align*} \int_0^{12} \sqrt{1+\biggl(\frac{\mathrm{d}x}{\mathrm{d}y}\biggr)^2} \,\mathrm{d}y =&\,\int_0^{12} \sqrt{1+\frac{y^2}{16}}\,\mathrm{d}y. \end{align*}

By symmetry, the two curved parts have equal length. Hence

Perimeter⁡(R)= 24+ 2∫0121+y216 dy.\begin{align*} \operatorname{Perimeter}(R) =&\,24 \\ +&\,2\int_0^{12} \sqrt{1+\frac{y^2}{16}}\,\mathrm{d}y. \end{align*}

Therefore,

α=24,β=12.\boxed{\alpha=24,\qquad\beta=12}.

(b)

解法一:使用双角恒等式积分

思路

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按照题目指定令 y=4sinh⁡uy=4\sinh u。根式化为 cosh⁡u\cosh u,并与 dy=4cosh⁡u du\mathrm{d}y=4\cosh u\,\mathrm{d}u 合并成 4cosh⁡2u4\cosh^2u;再用双角恒等式积分。上限由 sinh⁡U=3\sinh U=3 确定。

答题过程

展开

Let

y=4sinh⁡u.y=4\sinh u.

Then

dy=4cosh⁡u du.\mathrm{d}y=4\cosh u\,\mathrm{d}u.

When y=0y=0, u=0u=0. When y=12y=12, let u=Uu=U, where

sinh⁡U=3.\sinh U=3.

Thus

U=arsinh⁡3=ln⁡(3+10).U=\operatorname{arsinh}3 =\ln(3+\sqrt{10}).

Let

J=∫0121+y216 dy.J=\int_0^{12}\sqrt{1+\frac{y^2}{16}}\,\mathrm{d}y.

Since cosh⁡u>0\cosh u>0,

1+sinh⁡2u=cosh⁡u.\sqrt{1+\sinh^2u}=\cosh u.

Therefore,

J= 4∫0Ucosh⁡2u du= 4∫0U1+cosh⁡2u2 du= [2u+sinh⁡2u]0U.\begin{align*} J =&\,4\int_0^U\cosh^2u\,\mathrm{d}u \\ =&\,4\int_0^U \frac{1+\cosh2u}{2}\,\mathrm{d}u \\ =&\,\bigl[2u+\sinh2u\bigr]_0^U. \end{align*}

Also,

cosh⁡U= 1+sinh⁡2U= 10,sinh⁡2U= 2sinh⁡Ucosh⁡U= 610.\begin{align*} \cosh U =&\,\sqrt{1+\sinh^2U} \\ =&\,\sqrt{10}, \\ \sinh2U =&\,2\sinh U\cosh U \\ =&\,6\sqrt{10}. \end{align*}

Hence

J=610+2ln⁡(3+10).J=6\sqrt{10}+2\ln(3+\sqrt{10}).

Using part (a),

Perimeter⁡(R)= 24+2J= 24+1210+ 4ln⁡(3+10).\begin{align*} \operatorname{Perimeter}(R) =&\,24+2J \\ =&\,24+12\sqrt{10} \\ +&\,4\ln(3+\sqrt{10}). \end{align*}

Therefore, the exact perimeter is

24+1210+4ln⁡(3+10).\boxed{24+12\sqrt{10}+4\ln(3+\sqrt{10})}.

解法二:展开为指数函数积分

思路

展开

仍使用题目指定的双曲正弦代换,但将 cosh⁡2u\cosh^2u 展开为指数函数后逐项积分。利用 eU=3+10e^U=3+\sqrt{10} 与 e−U=10−3e^{-U}=\sqrt{10}-3 化简端点值。

答题过程

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As in the first method, set y=4sinh⁡uy=4\sinh u and

U=arsinh⁡3=ln⁡(3+10).U=\operatorname{arsinh}3 =\ln(3+\sqrt{10}).

Then

J=4∫0Ucosh⁡2u du.J=4\int_0^U\cosh^2u\,\mathrm{d}u.

Using the exponential definition of cosh⁡u\cosh u,

4cosh⁡2u= (eu+e−u)2= e2u+2+e−2u.\begin{align*} 4\cosh^2u =&\,(e^u+e^{-u})^2 \\ =&\,e^{2u}+2+e^{-2u}. \end{align*}

Therefore,

J= ∫0U(e2u+2+e−2u) du= [12e2u+2u−12e−2u]0U= 12(e2U−e−2U)+2U.\begin{align*} J =&\,\int_0^U \bigl(e^{2u}+2+e^{-2u}\bigr)\,\mathrm{d}u \\ =&\,\biggl[ \frac12e^{2u}+2u-\frac12e^{-2u} \biggr]_0^U \\ =&\,\frac12\bigl(e^{2U}-e^{-2U}\bigr)+2U. \end{align*}

Since

eU=3+10,e−U=10−3,e^U=3+\sqrt{10}, \qquad e^{-U}=\sqrt{10}-3,

we have

e2U−e−2U= (eU−e−U)(eU+e−U)= 6(210)= 1210.\begin{align*} e^{2U}-e^{-2U} =&\,(e^U-e^{-U})(e^U+e^{-U}) \\ =&\,6(2\sqrt{10}) \\ =&\,12\sqrt{10}. \end{align*}

Thus

J=610+2ln⁡(3+10).J=6\sqrt{10}+2\ln(3+\sqrt{10}).

Consequently,

Perimeter⁡(R)=24+1210+4ln⁡(3+10).\boxed{ \operatorname{Perimeter}(R) =24+12\sqrt{10}+4\ln(3+\sqrt{10}) }.