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FP3 2024 June Q7

A Level / Edexcel / FP3

IAL 2024 June Paper · Question 7

题目

Problem

7.

In this question you must show all stages of your working.

Solutions relying on calculator technology are not acceptable.

Figure 1 shows the curve with equation

y=ln⁡(tanh⁡x2)1≤x≤2y=\ln\big(\tanh\frac x2\big)\qquad 1\le x\le 2

(a) Show that the length, ss, of the curve is given by

s=∫12coth⁡x dxs=\int_1^2 \coth x\,\mathrm{d}x
(4)

(b) Hence show that

s=ln⁡(e+1e)s=\ln\big(e+\frac1e\big)
(4)
题目中文翻译

7.

本题中你必须写出所有解题步骤。

依赖计算器技术的解法不予接受。

图 1 给出了曲线,其方程为

y=ln⁡(tanh⁡x2)1≤x≤2y=\ln\big(\tanh\frac x2\big)\qquad 1\le x\le 2

(a) 证明曲线长度 ss 满足

s=∫12coth⁡x dxs=\int_1^2 \coth x\,\mathrm{d}x
(4)

(b) 因此证明

s=ln⁡(e+1e)s=\ln\big(e+\frac1e\big)
(4)

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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先对 y=ln⁡(tanh⁡(x/2))y=\ln(\tanh(x/2)) 求导,并用二倍角公式把导数化为 cosech⁡x\operatorname{cosech}x。代入弧长公式后,再用 1+cosech⁡2x=coth⁡2x1+\operatorname{cosech}^2x=\coth^2x;由于区间内 coth⁡x>0\coth x>0,开平方后就是 coth⁡x\coth x。

答题过程

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Differentiating,

dydx= 1tanh⁡(x/2)⋅12sech⁡2x2= 12sinh⁡(x/2)cosh⁡(x/2)= 1sinh⁡x=cosech⁡x.\begin{align*} \frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x} =&\,\frac{1}{\tanh(x/2)} \cdot\frac12\operatorname{sech}^2\frac{x}{2} \\ =&\,\frac{1}{ 2\sinh(x/2)\cosh(x/2) } \\ =&\,\frac{1}{\sinh x} =\operatorname{cosech}x. \end{align*}

The arc length is therefore

s= ∫121+(dydx)2 dx= ∫121+cosech⁡2x dx= ∫12coth⁡2x dx.\begin{align*} s =&\,\int_1^2 \sqrt{ 1+\biggl(\frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x}\biggr)^2 } \,\mathrm{d}x \\ =&\,\int_1^2 \sqrt{1+\operatorname{cosech}^2x} \,\mathrm{d}x \\ =&\,\int_1^2\sqrt{\coth^2x}\,\mathrm{d}x. \end{align*}

Since 1⩽x⩽21\leqslant x\leqslant2, coth⁡x>0\coth x>0. Hence

s=∫12coth⁡x dx.\boxed{ s=\int_1^2\coth x\,\mathrm{d}x }.

(b)

解法一

思路

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承接 (a),利用 ddxln⁡(sinh⁡x)=coth⁡x\frac{\mathrm{d}}{\mathrm{d}x}\ln(\sinh x)=\coth x 完成积分。代入上下限后,再用 sinh⁡2x=2sinh⁡xcosh⁡x\sinh2x=2\sinh x\cosh x 约去 sinh⁡1\sinh1,即可直接得到题设形式。

答题过程

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Using the result from part (a),

s= ∫12coth⁡x dx= [ln⁡(sinh⁡x)]12= ln⁡(sinh⁡2sinh⁡1).\begin{align*} s =&\,\int_1^2\coth x\,\mathrm{d}x \\ =&\,\bigl[\ln(\sinh x)\bigr]_1^2 \\ =&\,\ln\biggl(\frac{\sinh2}{\sinh1}\biggr). \end{align*}

Since sinh⁡2=2sinh⁡1cosh⁡1\sinh2=2\sinh1\cosh1,

sinh⁡2sinh⁡1=2cosh⁡1=e+1e.\frac{\sinh2}{\sinh1} =2\cosh1 =e+\frac1e.

Therefore,

s=ln⁡(e+1e).\boxed{ s=\ln\biggl(e+\frac1e\biggr) }.