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IAL 2024 June FP3 Q7

A Level / Edexcel / FP3

IAL 2024 June Paper · Question 7

题目

Problem

In this question you must show all stages of your working.

Solutions relying on calculator technology are not acceptable.

Figure 1 shows the curve with equation

y=ln(tanhx2)1x2y=\ln\left(\tanh\frac x2\right)\qquad 1\le x\le 2

(a) Show that the length, ss, of the curve is given by

s=12cothxdxs=\int_1^2 \coth x\,dx

(b) Hence show that

s=ln(e+1e)s=\ln\left(e+\frac1e\right)
(8)
题目中文翻译

本题中你必须写出所有解题步骤。

完全依赖计算器技术的解法不予接受。

图 1 给出了曲线,其方程为

y=ln(tanhx2)1x2y=\ln\left(\tanh\frac x2\right)\qquad 1\le x\le 2

(a) 证明曲线长度 ss 满足

s=12cothxdxs=\int_1^2 \coth x\,dx

(b) 因此证明

s=ln(e+1e)s=\ln\left(e+\frac1e\right)

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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先对 y=ln(tanh(x/2))y=\ln(\tanh(x/2)) 求导,并用二倍角公式把导数化为 cosechx\operatorname{cosech}x。代入弧长公式后,再用 1+cosech2x=coth2x1+\operatorname{cosech}^2x=\coth^2x;由于区间内 cothx>0\coth x>0,开平方后就是 cothx\coth x

答题过程

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Differentiating,

dydx=1tanh(x/2)12sech2x2=12sinh(x/2)cosh(x/2)=1sinhx=cosechx.\begin{align*} \frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x} =&\,\frac{1}{\tanh(x/2)} \cdot\frac12\operatorname{sech}^2\frac{x}{2} \\ =&\,\frac{1}{ 2\sinh(x/2)\cosh(x/2) } \\ =&\,\frac{1}{\sinh x} =\operatorname{cosech}x. \end{align*}

The arc length is therefore

s=121+(dydx)2dx=121+cosech2xdx=12coth2xdx.\begin{align*} s =&\,\int_1^2 \sqrt{ 1+\biggl(\frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x}\biggr)^2 } \,\mathrm{d}x \\ =&\,\int_1^2 \sqrt{1+\operatorname{cosech}^2x} \,\mathrm{d}x \\ =&\,\int_1^2\sqrt{\coth^2x}\,\mathrm{d}x. \end{align*}

Since 1x21\leqslant x\leqslant2, cothx>0\coth x>0. Hence

s=12cothxdx.\boxed{ s=\int_1^2\coth x\,\mathrm{d}x }.

(b)

解法一

思路

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承接 (a),利用 ddxln(sinhx)=cothx\frac{\mathrm{d}}{\mathrm{d}x}\ln(\sinh x)=\coth x 完成积分。代入上下限后,再用 sinh2x=2sinhxcoshx\sinh2x=2\sinh x\cosh x 约去 sinh1\sinh1,即可直接得到题设形式。

答题过程

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Using the result from part (a),

s=12cothxdx=[ln(sinhx)]12=ln(sinh2sinh1).\begin{align*} s =&\,\int_1^2\coth x\,\mathrm{d}x \\ =&\,\bigl[\ln(\sinh x)\bigr]_1^2 \\ =&\,\ln\biggl(\frac{\sinh2}{\sinh1}\biggr). \end{align*}

Since sinh2=2sinh1cosh1\sinh2=2\sinh1\cosh1,

sinh2sinh1=2cosh1=e+1e.\frac{\sinh2}{\sinh1} =2\cosh1 =e+\frac1e.

Therefore,

s=ln(e+1e).\boxed{ s=\ln\biggl(e+\frac1e\biggr) }.