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IAL 2025 June FP3 Q6

A Level / Edexcel / FP3

IAL 2025 June Paper · Question 6

题目

Problem

A=(1k2532614)A = \begin{pmatrix} 1 & k & 2 \\ 5 & 3 & -2 \\ 6 & -1 & 4 \end{pmatrix}

where kk is a constant.

(a) Determine the value of kk for which A is singular.

Given that A is non-singular,

(b) determine A1A^{-1}, giving your answer in simplest form in terms of kk.

(3)
(4)
题目中文翻译 A=(1k2532614)A = \begin{pmatrix} 1 & k & 2 \\ 5 & 3 & -2 \\ 6 & -1 & 4 \end{pmatrix}

其中 kk 为常数。

(a) 求使 AA 为奇异矩阵的 kk 值。

已知 AA 非奇异,

(b) 求 A1A^{-1},答案化为关于 kk 的最简形式。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

展开

矩阵奇异当且仅当行列式为零。沿第一行展开 detA\det A,所得式子关于 kk 是一次式,令其等于零即可。

答题过程

展开

Expanding the determinant along the first row,

detA=13214k5264+25361=(122)k(20+12)+2(518)=32k36.\begin{align*} \det A =&\,1 \begin{vmatrix} 3&-2\\ -1&4 \end{vmatrix}\\ &\,-k \begin{vmatrix} 5&-2\\ 6&4 \end{vmatrix}\\ &\,+2 \begin{vmatrix} 5&3\\ 6&-1 \end{vmatrix}\\ =&\,(12-2)-k(20+12)+2(-5-18)\\ =&\,-32k-36. \end{align*}

For AA to be singular,

32k36=0.-32k-36=0.

Hence

k=98.\boxed{k=-\frac98}.

(b)

解法一

思路

展开

A1=(detA)1adjAA^{-1}=(\det A)^{-1}\operatorname{adj}A。先逐项求 minors,再加余因子符号得到 cofactor matrix,转置后除以 (a) 中的一般行列式;题设非奇异意味着 k9/8k\ne-9/8

答题过程

展开

The matrix of minors is

(1032234k+2816k2k61235k).\begin{pmatrix} 10&32&-23\\ 4k+2&-8&-1-6k\\ -2k-6&-12&3-5k \end{pmatrix}.

Applying the cofactor signs gives

C=(1032234k286k+12k61235k).C= \begin{pmatrix} 10&-32&-23\\ -4k-2&-8&6k+1\\ -2k-6&12&3-5k \end{pmatrix}.

Therefore,

adjA=CT=(104k22k632812236k+135k).\operatorname{adj}A=C^T = \begin{pmatrix} 10&-4k-2&-2k-6\\ -32&-8&12\\ -23&6k+1&3-5k \end{pmatrix}.

Since detA=32k36\det A=-32k-36, for k98k\ne-\frac98,

A1=132k+36×(104k22k632812236k+135k).\begin{align*} A^{-1} =&\,-\frac{1}{32k+36}\\ &\,\hspace{2pt}\times \begin{pmatrix} 10&-4k-2&-2k-6\\ -32&-8&12\\ -23&6k+1&3-5k \end{pmatrix}. \end{align*}