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FP3 2025 June Q9

A Level / Edexcel / FP3

IAL 2025 June Paper · Question 9

题目

Problem

9.

The hyperbola H has equation

x264−y249= 1\begin{align*} \frac{x^2}{64} - \frac{y^2}{49} =&\, 1 \end{align*}

and eccentricity ee.

(a) Show that

e= 1138\begin{align*} e =&\, \frac{\sqrt{113}}{8} \end{align*}
(2)

The point (8sec⁡θ,7tan⁡θ)(8\sec\theta, 7\tan\theta), where 0<θ<π20<\theta<\frac{\pi}{2}, lies on H.

(b) Use calculus to show that the tangent to H at P has equation

x8sec⁡θ−y7tan⁡θ= 1\begin{align*} \frac{x}{8}\sec\theta - \frac{y}{7}\tan\theta =&\, 1 \end{align*}
(3)

The tangent to H at P meets the y-axis at the point Q.

(c) Write down the coordinates of Q.

(1)

The normal to H at P

  • has equation 8xcos⁡θ+7ycot⁡θ=1138x\cos\theta + 7y\cot\theta = 113
  • meets the y-axis at the point R

(d) Write down the coordinates of R.

(1)

(e) Hence show that the circle with QR as a diameter passes through the foci of H.

(5)
题目中文翻译

双曲线 H 的方程为

x264−y249= 1\begin{align*} \frac{x^2}{64} - \frac{y^2}{49} =&\, 1 \end{align*}

且离心率为 ee。

(a) 证明

e= 1138\begin{align*} e =&\, \frac{\sqrt{113}}{8} \end{align*}
(2)

点 (8sec⁡θ,7tan⁡θ)(8\sec\theta, 7\tan\theta),其中 0<θ<π20<\theta<\frac{\pi}{2},在 H 上。

(b) 用微积分证明,H 在 P 点处的切线方程为

x8sec⁡θ−y7tan⁡θ= 1\begin{align*} \frac{x}{8}\sec\theta - \frac{y}{7}\tan\theta =&\, 1 \end{align*}
(3)

H 在 P 点处的切线与 y 轴交于点 Q。

(c) 写出 Q 的坐标。

(1)

H 在 P 点处的法线

  • 方程为 8xcos⁡θ+7ycot⁡θ=1138x\cos\theta + 7y\cot\theta = 113
  • 与 y 轴交于点 R

(d) 写出 R 的坐标。

(1)

(e) 由此证明,以 QR 为直径的圆经过 H 的焦点。

(5)

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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对标准双曲线使用 b2=a2(e2−1)b^2=a^2(e^2-1)。代入 a2=64a^2=64 与 b2=49b^2=49 后,先求 e2e^2;离心率为正,因此取正根。

答题过程

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For the hyperbola,

b2=a2(e2−1).b^2=a^2(e^2-1).

Therefore,

49= 64(e2−1)= 64e2−64,e2= 11364.\begin{align*} 49=&\,64(e^2-1)\\ =&\,64e^2-64,\\ e^2=&\,\frac{113}{64}. \end{align*}

Since eccentricity is positive,

e=1138.\boxed{e=\frac{\sqrt{113}}{8}}.

(b)

解法一

思路

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可以直接用参数求导:分别对 x=8sec⁡θx=8\sec\theta 与 y=7tan⁡θy=7\tan\theta 关于 θ\theta 求导,再由 dydx=dy/dθdx/dθ\frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x}=\frac{\mathrm{d}y/\mathrm{d}\theta}{\mathrm{d}x/\mathrm{d}\theta} 求切线斜率。把点 PP 代入点斜式后,利用 sec⁡2θ−tan⁡2θ=1\sec^2\theta-\tan^2\theta=1 化成目标方程。

答题过程

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Using the parametric coordinates of PP,

dxdθ= 8sec⁡θtan⁡θ,dydθ= 7sec⁡2θ.\begin{align*} \frac{\mathrm{d}x}{\mathrm{d}\theta} =&\,8\sec\theta\tan\theta,\\ \frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}\theta} =&\,7\sec^2\theta. \end{align*}

Hence the gradient of the tangent at PP is

dydx= 7sec⁡2θ8sec⁡θtan⁡θ= 7sec⁡θ8tan⁡θ.\begin{align*} \frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x} =&\,\frac{7\sec^2\theta} {8\sec\theta\tan\theta}\\ =&\,\frac{7\sec\theta}{8\tan\theta}. \end{align*}

The equation of the tangent is therefore

y−7tan⁡θ=7sec⁡θ8tan⁡θ(x−8sec⁡θ).y-7\tan\theta =\frac{7\sec\theta}{8\tan\theta} (x-8\sec\theta).

Multiplying by 8tan⁡θ8\tan\theta and rearranging,

8ytan⁡θ−56tan⁡2θ= 7xsec⁡θ−56sec⁡2θ,7xsec⁡θ−8ytan⁡θ= 56(sec⁡2θ−tan⁡2θ)= 56.\begin{align*} 8y\tan\theta-56\tan^2\theta =&\,7x\sec\theta-56\sec^2\theta,\\ 7x\sec\theta-8y\tan\theta =&\,56(\sec^2\theta-\tan^2\theta)\\ =&\,56. \end{align*}

Dividing by 5656 gives

x8sec⁡θ−y7tan⁡θ=1.\boxed{ \frac{x}{8}\sec\theta -\frac{y}{7}\tan\theta=1}.

解法二

思路

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也可以对双曲线方程隐式求导。把 PP 的坐标代入导数式,仍得到相同的切线斜率,再用点斜式推出题设方程。

答题过程

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Differentiating the equation of HH implicitly,

x32−2y49dydx= 0,dydx= 49x64y.\begin{align*} \frac{x}{32} -\frac{2y}{49}\frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x} =&\,0,\\ \frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x} =&\,\frac{49x}{64y}. \end{align*}

At P=(8sec⁡θ,7tan⁡θ)P=(8\sec\theta,7\tan\theta),

dydx= 49(8sec⁡θ)64(7tan⁡θ)= 7sec⁡θ8tan⁡θ.\begin{align*} \frac{\mathrm{d}y}{\mathrm{d}x} =&\,\frac{49(8\sec\theta)} {64(7\tan\theta)}\\ =&\,\frac{7\sec\theta}{8\tan\theta}. \end{align*}

Thus

y−7tan⁡θ=7sec⁡θ8tan⁡θ(x−8sec⁡θ).y-7\tan\theta =\frac{7\sec\theta}{8\tan\theta} (x-8\sec\theta).

Therefore,

7xsec⁡θ−8ytan⁡θ= 56(sec⁡2θ−tan⁡2θ)= 56,\begin{align*} 7x\sec\theta-8y\tan\theta =&\,56(\sec^2\theta-\tan^2\theta)\\ =&\,56, \end{align*}

so

x8sec⁡θ−y7tan⁡θ=1.\boxed{ \frac{x}{8}\sec\theta -\frac{y}{7}\tan\theta=1}.

(c)

解法一

思路

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点 QQ 在 yy 轴上,所以令切线方程中的 x=0x=0,直接求出其 yy 坐标。

答题过程

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At QQ, x=0x=0. Hence

−y7tan⁡θ=1,-\frac{y}{7}\tan\theta=1,

so

Q=(0,−7cot⁡θ).\boxed{Q=(0,-7\cot\theta)}.

(d)

解法一

思路

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点 RR 同样在 yy 轴上。在已给出的法线方程中令 x=0x=0,并用 1/cot⁡θ=tan⁡θ1/\cot\theta=\tan\theta 化简。

答题过程

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At RR, x=0x=0. Therefore,

7ycot⁡θ=113,7y\cot\theta=113,

and hence

R=(0,1137tan⁡θ).\boxed{R=\Big(0,\frac{113}{7}\tan\theta\Big)}.

(e)

解法一

思路

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承接 (c)、(d),先由 Q,RQ,R 的纵坐标写出以 QRQR 为直径的圆心与半径。再令 y=0y=0 求圆与 xx 轴的交点,并与双曲线的两个焦点比较。

答题过程

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From parts (c) and (d), write

h=11314tan⁡θ−72cot⁡θh= \frac{113}{14}\tan\theta -\frac{7}{2}\cot\theta

and

ρ=11314tan⁡θ+72cot⁡θ.\rho=\frac{113}{14}\tan\theta +\frac{7}{2}\cot\theta.

The centre is C=(0,h)C=(0,h) and the radius is ρ\rho. Thus the circle has equation

x2+(y−h)2=ρ2.x^2+(y-h)^2=\rho^2.

At an intersection with the xx-axis, y=0y=0. Therefore,

x2= ρ2−h2= (11314tan⁡θ+72cot⁡θ)2 −(11314tan⁡θ−72cot⁡θ)2= 4(11314tan⁡θ)(72cot⁡θ)= 113.\begin{align*} x^2 =&\,\rho^2-h^2\\ =&\,\Big( \frac{113}{14}\tan\theta +\frac{7}{2}\cot\theta \Big)^2\\ &\,\hspace{2pt} -\Big( \frac{113}{14}\tan\theta -\frac{7}{2}\cot\theta \Big)^2\\ =&\,4\Big(\frac{113}{14}\tan\theta\Big) \Big(\frac{7}{2}\cot\theta\Big)\\ =&\,113. \end{align*}

Hence the circle meets the xx-axis at

(±113,0).(\pm\sqrt{113},0).

From part (a), the foci of HH are

(±ae,0)= (±8⋅1138,0)= (±113,0).\begin{align*} (\pm ae,0) =&\,\Big( \pm8\cdot\frac{\sqrt{113}}8,0 \Big)\\ =&\,(\pm\sqrt{113},0). \end{align*}

Therefore, the circle with QRQR as a diameter passes through both foci of HH.

解法二

思路

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使用圆周角定理。分别连接每个焦点与 Q,RQ,R;若两条连线的斜率乘积为 −1-1,则该焦点处的夹角为直角,所以焦点位于以 QRQR 为直径的圆上。

答题过程

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Let the foci be

F+=(113,0)andF−=(−113,0).F_+=(\sqrt{113},0) \quad\text{and}\quad F_-=(-\sqrt{113},0).

For F+F_+,

mF+Q= −7cot⁡θ−113=7cot⁡θ113,mF+R= 1137tan⁡θ−113= −1137tan⁡θ.\begin{align*} m_{F_+Q} =&\,\frac{-7\cot\theta}{-\sqrt{113}} =\frac{7\cot\theta}{\sqrt{113}},\\ m_{F_+R} =&\,\frac{\frac{113}{7}\tan\theta} {-\sqrt{113}}\\ =&\,-\frac{\sqrt{113}}7\tan\theta. \end{align*}

Therefore,

mF+QmF+R=−1.m_{F_+Q}m_{F_+R}=-1.

Similarly, for F−F_-,

mF−Q= −7cot⁡θ113,mF−R= 1137tan⁡θ,\begin{align*} m_{F_-Q} =&\,-\frac{7\cot\theta}{\sqrt{113}},\\ m_{F_-R} =&\,\frac{\sqrt{113}}7\tan\theta, \end{align*}

so

mF−QmF−R=−1.m_{F_-Q}m_{F_-R}=-1.

Thus

∠QF+R=∠QF−R=90∘.\angle QF_+R=\angle QF_-R=90^\circ.

By the converse of the angle-in-a-semicircle theorem, both foci lie on the circle with diameter QRQR.

解法三

思路

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使用勾股定理的逆定理。对任一焦点 FF,分别计算 FQ2FQ^2、FR2FR^2 与 QR2QR^2;若 FQ2+FR2=QR2FQ^2+FR^2=QR^2,则 ∠QFR=90∘\angle QFR=90^\circ,从而 FF 在以 QRQR 为直径的圆上。

答题过程

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For either focus F=(±113,0)F=(\pm\sqrt{113},0),

FQ2=113+49cot⁡2θFQ^2=113+49\cot^2\theta

and

FR2=113+(1137tan⁡θ)2.FR^2=113+ \Big(\frac{113}{7}\tan\theta\Big)^2.

Hence

FQ2+FR2= 226+49cot⁡2θ +(1137tan⁡θ)2.\begin{align*} FQ^2+FR^2 =&\,226+49\cot^2\theta\\ &\,\hspace{2pt} +\Big(\frac{113}{7}\tan\theta\Big)^2. \end{align*}

Since QQ and RR lie on the yy-axis,

QR2= (1137tan⁡θ+7cot⁡θ)2= (1137tan⁡θ)2+49cot⁡2θ +2(1137tan⁡θ)(7cot⁡θ)= (1137tan⁡θ)2+49cot⁡2θ+226.\begin{align*} QR^2 =&\,\Big( \frac{113}{7}\tan\theta +7\cot\theta \Big)^2\\ =&\,\Big(\frac{113}{7}\tan\theta\Big)^2 +49\cot^2\theta\\ &\,\hspace{2pt} +2\Big(\frac{113}{7}\tan\theta\Big) (7\cot\theta)\\ =&\,\Big(\frac{113}{7}\tan\theta\Big)^2 +49\cot^2\theta+226. \end{align*}

Therefore,

FQ2+FR2=QR2.FQ^2+FR^2=QR^2.

By the converse of Pythagoras’ theorem, ∠QFR=90∘\angle QFR=90^\circ for each focus. Hence both foci lie on the circle with diameter QRQR.