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IAL 2025 June FP3 Q9

A Level / Edexcel / FP3

IAL 2025 June Paper · Question 9

题目

Problem

The hyperbola H has equation

x264y249=1\frac{x^2}{64} - \frac{y^2}{49} = 1

and eccentricity ee.

(a) Show that

e=1138e = \frac{\sqrt{113}}{8}

The point (8secθ,7tanθ)(8\sec\theta, 7\tan\theta), where 0<θ<π20<\theta<\frac{\pi}{2}, lies on H.

(b) Use calculus to show that the tangent to H at P has equation

x8secθy7tanθ=1\frac{x}{8}\sec\theta - \frac{y}{7}\tan\theta = 1

The tangent to H at P meets the y-axis at the point Q.

(c) Write down the coordinates of Q.

The normal to H at P

  • has equation 8xcosθ+7ycotθ=1138x\cos\theta + 7y\cot\theta = 113
  • meets the y-axis at the point R

(d) Write down the coordinates of R.

(e) Hence show that the circle with QR as a diameter passes through the foci of H.

(2)
(3)
(1)
(1)
(5)
题目中文翻译

双曲线 H 的方程为

x264y249=1\frac{x^2}{64} - \frac{y^2}{49} = 1

且离心率为 ee

(a) 证明

e=1138e = \frac{\sqrt{113}}{8}

(8secθ,7tanθ)(8\sec\theta, 7\tan\theta),其中 0<θ<π20<\theta<\frac{\pi}{2},在 H 上。

(b) 用微积分证明,H 在 P 点处的切线方程为

x8secθy7tanθ=1\frac{x}{8}\sec\theta - \frac{y}{7}\tan\theta = 1

H 在 P 点处的切线与 y 轴交于点 Q。

(c) 写出 Q 的坐标。

H 在 P 点处的法线

  • 方程为 8xcosθ+7ycotθ=1138x\cos\theta + 7y\cot\theta = 113
  • 与 y 轴交于点 R

(d) 写出 R 的坐标。

(e) 由此证明,以 QR 为直径的圆经过 H 的焦点。

解答

(a)

解法一

思路

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对标准双曲线使用 b2=a2(e21)b^2=a^2(e^2-1)。代入 a2=64a^2=64b2=49b^2=49 后,先求 e2e^2;离心率为正,因此取正根。

答题过程

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For the hyperbola,

b2=a2(e21).b^2=a^2(e^2-1).

Therefore,

49=64(e21)=64e264,e2=11364.\begin{align*} 49=&\,64(e^2-1)\\ =&\,64e^2-64,\\ e^2=&\,\frac{113}{64}. \end{align*}

Since eccentricity is positive,

e=1138.\boxed{e=\frac{\sqrt{113}}{8}}.

(b)

解法一

思路

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官方评分资料的参数求导路线最直接:分别对 x=8secθx=8\sec\thetay=7tanθy=7\tan\theta 关于 θ\theta 求导,再由 dydx=dy/dθdx/dθ\frac{\mathrm dy}{\mathrm dx}=\frac{\mathrm dy/\mathrm d\theta}{\mathrm dx/\mathrm d\theta} 求切线斜率。把点 PP 代入点斜式后,利用 sec2θtan2θ=1\sec^2\theta-\tan^2\theta=1 化成目标方程。

答题过程

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Using the parametric coordinates of PP,

dxdθ=8secθtanθ,dydθ=7sec2θ.\begin{align*} \frac{\mathrm dx}{\mathrm d\theta} =&\,8\sec\theta\tan\theta,\\ \frac{\mathrm dy}{\mathrm d\theta} =&\,7\sec^2\theta. \end{align*}

Hence the gradient of the tangent at PP is

dydx=7sec2θ8secθtanθ=7secθ8tanθ.\begin{align*} \frac{\mathrm dy}{\mathrm dx} =&\,\frac{7\sec^2\theta} {8\sec\theta\tan\theta}\\ =&\,\frac{7\sec\theta}{8\tan\theta}. \end{align*}

The equation of the tangent is therefore

y7tanθ=7secθ8tanθ(x8secθ).y-7\tan\theta =\frac{7\sec\theta}{8\tan\theta} (x-8\sec\theta).

Multiplying by 8tanθ8\tan\theta and rearranging,

8ytanθ56tan2θ=7xsecθ56sec2θ,7xsecθ8ytanθ=56(sec2θtan2θ)=56.\begin{align*} 8y\tan\theta-56\tan^2\theta =&\,7x\sec\theta-56\sec^2\theta,\\ 7x\sec\theta-8y\tan\theta =&\,56(\sec^2\theta-\tan^2\theta)\\ =&\,56. \end{align*}

Dividing by 5656 gives

x8secθy7tanθ=1.\boxed{ \frac{x}{8}\sec\theta -\frac{y}{7}\tan\theta=1}.

解法二

思路

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也可以按官方替代路线对双曲线方程隐式求导。把 PP 的坐标代入导数式,仍得到相同的切线斜率,再用点斜式推出题设方程。

答题过程

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Differentiating the equation of HH implicitly,

x322y49dydx=0,dydx=49x64y.\begin{align*} \frac{x}{32} -\frac{2y}{49}\frac{\mathrm dy}{\mathrm dx} =&\,0,\\ \frac{\mathrm dy}{\mathrm dx} =&\,\frac{49x}{64y}. \end{align*}

At P=(8secθ,7tanθ)P=(8\sec\theta,7\tan\theta),

dydx=49(8secθ)64(7tanθ)=7secθ8tanθ.\begin{align*} \frac{\mathrm dy}{\mathrm dx} =&\,\frac{49(8\sec\theta)} {64(7\tan\theta)}\\ =&\,\frac{7\sec\theta}{8\tan\theta}. \end{align*}

Thus

y7tanθ=7secθ8tanθ(x8secθ).y-7\tan\theta =\frac{7\sec\theta}{8\tan\theta} (x-8\sec\theta).

Therefore,

7xsecθ8ytanθ=56(sec2θtan2θ)=56,\begin{align*} 7x\sec\theta-8y\tan\theta =&\,56(\sec^2\theta-\tan^2\theta)\\ =&\,56, \end{align*}

so

x8secθy7tanθ=1.\boxed{ \frac{x}{8}\sec\theta -\frac{y}{7}\tan\theta=1}.

(c)

解法一

思路

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QQyy 轴上,所以令切线方程中的 x=0x=0,直接求出其 yy 坐标。

答题过程

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At QQ, x=0x=0. Hence

y7tanθ=1,-\frac{y}{7}\tan\theta=1,

so

Q=(0,7cotθ).\boxed{Q=(0,-7\cot\theta)}.

(d)

解法一

思路

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RR 同样在 yy 轴上。在已给出的法线方程中令 x=0x=0,并用 1/cotθ=tanθ1/\cot\theta=\tan\theta 化简。

答题过程

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At RR, x=0x=0. Therefore,

7ycotθ=113,7y\cot\theta=113,

and hence

R=(0,1137tanθ).\boxed{R=\left(0,\frac{113}{7}\tan\theta\right)}.

(e)

解法一

思路

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承接 (c)、(d),先由 Q,RQ,R 的纵坐标写出以 QRQR 为直径的圆心与半径。再令 y=0y=0 求圆与 xx 轴的交点,并与双曲线的两个焦点比较。这是官方评分资料的主路线。

答题过程

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From parts (c) and (d), write

h=11314tanθ72cotθh= \frac{113}{14}\tan\theta -\frac{7}{2}\cot\theta

and

ρ=11314tanθ+72cotθ.\rho=\frac{113}{14}\tan\theta +\frac{7}{2}\cot\theta.

The centre is C=(0,h)C=(0,h) and the radius is ρ\rho. Thus the circle has equation

x2+(yh)2=ρ2.x^2+(y-h)^2=\rho^2.

At an intersection with the xx-axis, y=0y=0. Therefore,

x2=ρ2h2=(11314tanθ+72cotθ)2(11314tanθ72cotθ)2=4(11314tanθ)(72cotθ)=113.\begin{align*} x^2 =&\,\rho^2-h^2\\ =&\,\Big( \frac{113}{14}\tan\theta +\frac{7}{2}\cot\theta \Big)^2\\ &\,\hspace{2pt} -\Big( \frac{113}{14}\tan\theta -\frac{7}{2}\cot\theta \Big)^2\\ =&\,4\left(\frac{113}{14}\tan\theta\right) \left(\frac{7}{2}\cot\theta\right)\\ =&\,113. \end{align*}

Hence the circle meets the xx-axis at

(±113,0).(\pm\sqrt{113},0).

From part (a), the foci of HH are

(±ae,0)=(±81138,0)=(±113,0).\begin{align*} (\pm ae,0) =&\,\left( \pm8\cdot\frac{\sqrt{113}}8,0 \right)\\ =&\,(\pm\sqrt{113},0). \end{align*}

Therefore, the circle with QRQR as a diameter passes through both foci of HH.

解法二

思路

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官方替代路线使用圆周角定理。分别连接每个焦点与 Q,RQ,R;若两条连线的斜率乘积为 1-1,则该焦点处的夹角为直角,所以焦点位于以 QRQR 为直径的圆上。

答题过程

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Let the foci be

F+=(113,0)andF=(113,0).F_+=(\sqrt{113},0) \quad\text{and}\quad F_-=(-\sqrt{113},0).

For F+F_+,

mF+Q=7cotθ113=7cotθ113,mF+R=1137tanθ113=1137tanθ.\begin{align*} m_{F_+Q} =&\,\frac{-7\cot\theta}{-\sqrt{113}} =\frac{7\cot\theta}{\sqrt{113}},\\ m_{F_+R} =&\,\frac{\frac{113}{7}\tan\theta} {-\sqrt{113}}\\ =&\,-\frac{\sqrt{113}}7\tan\theta. \end{align*}

Therefore,

mF+QmF+R=1.m_{F_+Q}m_{F_+R}=-1.

Similarly, for FF_-,

mFQ=7cotθ113,mFR=1137tanθ,\begin{align*} m_{F_-Q} =&\,-\frac{7\cot\theta}{\sqrt{113}},\\ m_{F_-R} =&\,\frac{\sqrt{113}}7\tan\theta, \end{align*}

so

mFQmFR=1.m_{F_-Q}m_{F_-R}=-1.

Thus

QF+R=QFR=90.\angle QF_+R=\angle QF_-R=90^\circ.

By the converse of the angle-in-a-semicircle theorem, both foci lie on the circle with diameter QRQR.

解法三

思路

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另一条官方替代路线使用勾股定理的逆定理。对任一焦点 FF,分别计算 FQ2FQ^2FR2FR^2QR2QR^2;若 FQ2+FR2=QR2FQ^2+FR^2=QR^2,则 QFR=90\angle QFR=90^\circ,从而 FF 在以 QRQR 为直径的圆上。

答题过程

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For either focus F=(±113,0)F=(\pm\sqrt{113},0),

FQ2=113+49cot2θFQ^2=113+49\cot^2\theta

and

FR2=113+(1137tanθ)2.FR^2=113+ \left(\frac{113}{7}\tan\theta\right)^2.

Hence

FQ2+FR2=226+49cot2θ+(1137tanθ)2.\begin{align*} FQ^2+FR^2 =&\,226+49\cot^2\theta\\ &\,\hspace{2pt} +\left(\frac{113}{7}\tan\theta\right)^2. \end{align*}

Since QQ and RR lie on the yy-axis,

QR2=(1137tanθ+7cotθ)2=(1137tanθ)2+49cot2θ+2(1137tanθ)(7cotθ)=(1137tanθ)2+49cot2θ+226.\begin{align*} QR^2 =&\,\left( \frac{113}{7}\tan\theta +7\cot\theta \right)^2\\ =&\,\left(\frac{113}{7}\tan\theta\right)^2 +49\cot^2\theta\\ &\,\hspace{2pt} +2\left(\frac{113}{7}\tan\theta\right) (7\cot\theta)\\ =&\,\left(\frac{113}{7}\tan\theta\right)^2 +49\cot^2\theta+226. \end{align*}

Therefore,

FQ2+FR2=QR2.FQ^2+FR^2=QR^2.

By the converse of Pythagoras’ theorem, QFR=90\angle QFR=90^\circ for each focus. Hence both foci lie on the circle with diameter QRQR.